when bank guarantee can be invoked ?=payment under a Bank Guarantee can normally be stopped only on two grounds and on no other, viz., on grounds of fraud and special equity, and the ground of fraud having been rejected upto this Court, the only other ground available to the Petitioner to stop the invocation of the Bank Guarantees was on account of special equities and in the instant case the Petitioner had failed to indicate any such special equity which entitled the Petitioner to an order of restraint against the Respondent No.1 from invoking the Bank Guarantees in question.

REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (C) NO.24746 OF 2010 YOGRAJ INFRAS. LTD. ... PETITIONER Vs. SSANG YONG ENG. & CONSTRN. ... RESPONDENTS CO. LTD. & ANR. J U D G M E N T ALTAMAS KABIR, J. 1. The Special Leave Petition and the application filed on behalf of the Respondents for early hearing and disposal of the Special Leave Petition were taken up together for consideration. The facts on which the Special Leave Petition is based, are set out hereinbelow. 2. By its letter of acceptance No.NHAI/PH 11/NHDP/ADB/GM-11/NS1/746 dated 30th December, 2005, the National Highways Authority of India, hereinafter referred to as `NHAI', awarded a contract to the Respondent, SSANG YONG Engineering & Construction Co. Ltd., for the National Highways Sector II Project, Package-ADB-II/C-8, which involved the four laning of Jhansi-Lakhadon sector KM 297 to KM 351 of National Highway 26 in the State of Madhya Pradesh. The total contract amount for the aforesaid project was more than ` 750 crores. An agreement was entered into by the NHAI with the Petitioner on 13th August, 2006. Clause 27 of the Agreement incorporated an arbitration clause stipulating that all disputes and differences arising out of or in connection with the Agreement dated 13th August, 2006, would be referred to arbitration to be conducted in English in Singapore in accordance with the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) Rules. For the purpose of reference, Clause 27 of the Agreement relating to arbitration is extracted hereinbelow : "27. Arbitration 27.1 All disputes, differences arising out of or in connection with the Agreement shall be referred to arbitration. The arbitration proceedings shall be conducted in English in Singapore in accordance with the Ssangyong International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) Rules as in force at the time of signing of this Agreement. The arbitration shall be final and binding. 27.2 The arbitration shall take place in Singapore and be conducted in English language. 27.3 None of the Party shall be entitled to suspend the performance of the Agreement merely by reason of a dispute and/or a dispute referred to arbitration." 3. According to Clause 1 of the Agreement read with the Appendix thereof, the Petitioner was to provide all adequate manpower, material, plant, machinery, construction equipment and all other resources, including finance, which would be required to perform the work Bank Guarantee was furnished by the Petitioner on 31st October, 2006, whereby the Bank undertook to pay to the Respondent on its first written demand and without cavil or argument any sum or sums within the limits of ` 6,05,00,000/-, without there being need to prove or give any reasons for the demand for the said sum. The guarantor also waived the necessity of the Respondent Company making a demand for the debt to the contractor/petitioner before presenting the demand. The guarantor also agreed that no change or addition or other modification of the terms of the contract or of the work to be performed thereunder or any of the contract documents, which may be made between the Respondent and the Petitioner, would release the Bank from its liability under the Agreement. Similarly, three Bank Guarantees of ` 1 crore each and one Bank Guarantee for ` 3 crores were also furnished to secure mobilization advance. 4. Disputes and differences arose between the parties relating to the performance of the Petitioner in completing the work contracted as per the Agreement dated 13th August, 2006. Consequently, since the Petitioner failed to carry out the works entrusted and had allegedly been over-paid to the tune of ` 78 crores, the Respondent Company on 22nd September, 2009, terminated the contract under Clause 23.2 of the Agreement dated 13th August, 2006 and invoked the Bank Guarantees referred to hereinbefore vide its letters dated 25th January, 2010, 27th January, 2010 and 5th March, 2010. The Respondent No.1 also made a subsequent demand for encashment of the Bank Guarantees by its letter dated 6th May, 2010. 5. In the Special Leave Petition, the Petitioner has sought for an order of injunction against the Respondent No.1 on the basis of alleged fraud on the part of the said Respondent. The Petitioner also filed a criminal complaint against the Respondent No.1 alleging fraud and making the same allegations which have been made by it in the present Special Leave Petition. The learned Magistrate took cognizance on the said complaint and issued process on 5th February, 2010. 6. Aggrieved thereby, the Respondent No.1 challenged the said order of the Magistrate dated 5th February, 2010, taking cognizance of the criminal complaint alleging fraud, by filing a petition under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in the Jabalpur Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court, for quashing of the cognizance taken by the learned Magistrate. The High Court by its order dated 13th October, 2010, quashed the criminal proceedings commenced against the Respondent No.1. Challenging the said order of the High Court, the Petitioner filed Special Leave Petition (Crl) No. Crl. M.P. 2872 of 2011, which was dismissed by this Court on 18th February, 2011. On account of the above, an application for early hearing and disposal of the Special Leave Petition was filed on behalf of the Respondent No.1 urging that since the allegation of fraud had already been decided by this Court, the present Special Leave Petition could be finally disposed of in view of order passed by this Court in Special Leave Petition (Crl) No. Crl. M.P. 2872 of 2011. It is in this background that the present I.A. has been filed for early hearing and disposal of the Special Leave Petition. 7. Appearing for the Special Leave Petitioner, who is the opposite party in the Interlocutory Application filed on behalf of the Respondent No.1, Mr. Jaideep Gupta, learned Senior Advocate, contended that the stay order passed in these proceedings was liable to be continued in view of the special equities in this case. He submitted that the Petitioner Company had invested large sums of money in the project and upon termination of the contract, the dues of either party were yet to be decided and the same could only be done at the time of the final Award. Mr. Gupta submitted that his main emphasis in the Special Leave Petition was with regard to the special equities which existed and the order of stay granted by this Court restraining the Respondent No.1 Company from invoking the Bank Guarantees was liable to be continued till the passing of the final Award by the learned Arbitrator. 8. Ms. Meenakshi Arora, learned Advocate, who appeared for the Respondent Company, submitted that the prayer made on behalf of the Petitioner in the Section 9 application before the District Court, Narsinghpur, seeking injunction against the Respondent No.1 from invoking the Bank Guarantees, was dismissed by the District Judge on 4th March, 2010, and the Appeal therefrom was dismissed by the Jabalpur Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court on 20th August, 2010. However, this Court had stayed the invocation of the Bank Guarantees by the Respondent No.1 Company by an interim order dated 31st August, 2010. Ms. Arora submitted that once the cognizance taken by the magistrate on the petitioner's criminal complaint alleging fraud on the part of the Respondent No.1 was quashed by the Jabalpur Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court by its order dated 13th October, 2010, and even the Special Leave Petition preferred therefrom was dismissed by this Court on 18th February, 2011, the very basis for seeking injunction in the proceedings under Section 9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, stood removed. Ms. Arora submitted that in addition to the above, a partial Award had been made by the Arbitral Tribunal in Singapore on 30th June, 2011, in favour of the Respondent No.1. Ms. Arora submitted that in terms of the agreement between the parties, the Respondent No.1 Company had made huge cash advances to the Petitioner for completion of the project, but the same had not been fully repaid by the Petitioner and that as a result, the Respondent No.1 should be permitted to invoke the Bank Guarantees to realize the outstanding amounts. According to Ms. Arora, the dues of the Respondent No.1 Company were far beyond those claimed by the Petitioner. Ms. Arora submitted that since the partial Award had not been challenged by the Petitioner, the execution thereof could not be stayed and the Respondent No.1 was, therefore, entitled to recover the amount under the partial Award. According to Ms. Arora, the plea taken by the Petitioner in the criminal complaint and the present Special Leave Petition was the same and since the allegation of fraud against the Respondent No.1 by the Petitioner has been negated, the interim order restraining the Respondent No.1 from invoking the Bank Guarantees was liable to be vacated. 9. Ms. Arora submitted that since payment under a Bank Guarantee can normally be stopped only on two grounds and on no other, viz., on grounds of fraud and special equity, and the ground of fraud having been rejected upto this Court, the only other ground available to the Petitioner to stop the invocation of the Bank Guarantees was on account of special equities and in the instant case the Petitioner had failed to indicate any such special equity which entitled the Petitioner to an order of restraint against the Respondent No.1 from invoking the Bank Guarantees in question. 10. Having heard learned counsel for the parties, we are inclined to accept Ms. Meenakshi Arora's submissions that since the Petitioner's application under Section 9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, was based mainly on allegations of fraud, which have been rejected, there was no foundation for the stay order passed in these proceedings to continue. We cannot lose sight of the fact that both in the criminal proceedings as also in the proceedings under Section 9 of the aforesaid Act, the Petitioner proved to be unsuccessful, at least upto the High Court stage. In the criminal proceedings, the Petitioner was unsuccessful right upto this Court. In the aforesaid circumstances, we are unable to accept the submissions relating to special equities urged by Mr. Jaideep Gupta, particularly in view of the fact that such a point had not been raised earlier. 11. In addition to the above, we also have to keep in mind the fact that a partial Award has been made by the Arbitral Tribunal which has not been questioned or challenged by the Petitioner and the Respondent No.1 is entitled to the amount awarded in the partial Award. 12. Accordingly, we are not inclined to disturb the order of the High Court and the Special Leave Petition is, therefore, dismissed with cost of ` 1 lakh to be paid by the Petitioner Company to the Supreme Court Legal Services Committee. The Interlocutory Application is also disposed of by this order. ............................................................J. (ALTAMAS KABIR) ............................................................J. (JASTI CHELAMESWAR) New Delhi Dated: 31.01.2012.