1
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 4610 OF 2014
MOHAN CHANDRA TAMTA (DEAD)
THR. LRS. … APPELLANT(S)
VERSUS
ALI AHMAD (D) THR LRS & ORS. …RESPONDENT(S)
J U D G M E N T
Deepak Gupta, J.
This case has a long and chequered history. The litigation
initially started almost 59 years back. The suit property was a
three storeyed structure in the town of Almora in Uttarakhand.
The first records of this house are from the year 1872 when this
property is recorded in the ownership of three brothers namely
Pir Bux, Kalia and Subrati. Each brother had 1/3rd share in the
property. Pir Bux mortgaged his 1/3rd share in favour of one
Ahmadulla Khan for Rs.50/ in the year 1872. One of the
2
brothers, Subrati died issueless and his share of the property
devolved upon his two brothers Pir Bux and Kalia, who got an
additional 1/6th share each making them owners of half share
each in the property. On the death of Kalia, his share was
succeeded by his son Ilahi Bux, and on the death of Ilahi Bux his
widow Smt. Hafizan succeeded to his share of the property. She
sold her entire share of the property i.e., 50% to one Lalta Prasad
Tamta, predecessor in interest of the present appellant.
2. Half of Subrati’s property i.e. 1/6th of the total which had
fallen to the share of Pir Bux from Subrati was inherited by his
son Gulam Farid who in turn sold this property to Lalta Prasad
Tamta by way of a sale deed on 28.07.1944. Thus, Lalta Prasad
Tamta became the owner of 2/3rd of the structure. The
remaining 1/3rd continued to be under mortgage. According to
the plaintiff, Gulam Farid redeemed the property from Ahmadulla
Khan and sold the 1/3rd share to Lalta Prasad Tamta on
17.03.1954. Therefore, Lalta Prasad became the full owner of the
property.
3
3. It is the case of the plaintiff that defendant no.1 Khalil
Ahmed and defendant no.2 Ali Ahmad were permitted to stay in
some portion of this house by Lalta Prasad Tamta. Over a period
of time the building started subsiding and the ground floor got
embedded in the earth and only two storeys were left. In 1960,
Lalta Prasad Tamta issued notice to the said two defendants to
vacate the house but they refused to do so. He then filed Suit
No.115 of 1960 for their eviction. The defendant nos. 1 and 2
denied the title of Lalta Prasad Tamta over the property and
claimed that they were the tenants of defendant no.3 Mustaffa
Shah Khan, who was not a party in this suit. The said suit
instituted by Lalta Prasad Tamta was dismissed. Civil Appeal No.
58 of 1961 filed before the District Judge, Nainital, was also
dismissed.
4. According to the plaintiff, encouraged by the dismissal of
this suit, the defendants got further emboldened and trespassed
over other rooms in the house. It was urged that defendant no. 3
Mustaffa Shah Khan had no right in the property suit.
4
5. Another relevant fact is that according to the plaintiff after
the death of Ahmadulla Khan he was succeeded by three sons.
One of his sons Mahmood Shah Khan had 1/3rd share of 1/3rd
,
i.e. 1/9th share in the property. Mahmood Shah Khan
transferred his rights of mortgagee to one Sadiq Hussain and
Vilayat Hussain. In 1958, Lalta Prasad Tamta instituted a Civil
Suit No.216 of 1958 against Sadiq Hussain and Vilayat Hussain.
A compromise was arrived at between the parties and Sadiq
Hussain and Vilayat Hussain abandoned their rights in the
property. Thus, Lalta Prasad Tamta became the owner of this
1/9th share too. There is obviously some confusion because
according to Lalta Prasad Tamta he had already redeemed the
entire 1/3rd share of Ahmadulla Khan w.e.f. 17.03.1954. His
explanation is that to avoid any cloud to his title he settled the
matter.
6. Lalta Prasad Tamta in turn sold the property to Mohan
Chandra Tamta, appellant herein, on 27.08.1966. Mohan
Chandra Tamta filed a suit for recovery of possession of the top
floor of the house (3rd floor) and in the alternative also prayed for
5
redemption of any unredeemed portion of the mortgaged
property and expressed his willingness to pay the balance
mortgaged amount. The defendant nos. 1 and 2 contested the
suit and denied the ownership of the plaintiff on the suit
property. They again claimed that the property was owned by
defendant no.3 Mustaffa Shah Khan who had been impleaded as
party in this suit. Defendant no.3 supported the stand of
defendant nos. 1 and 2. It was pleaded that the suit for
redemption is barred by time.
7. The Trial court held that Lalta Prasad Tamta had acquired
full ownership of the property and he had transferred the same to
Mohan Chandra Tamta. A finding was given that the entire
property transferred to Ahmadulla Khan was redeemed by Lalta
Prasad Tamta. The suit was accordingly decreed on 23.03.1975.
8. Defendant no.2, i.e. the tenant, filed an appeal being Civil
Appeal No.10 of 1975 but no appeal was filed by defendant no.3
Mustaffa Shah Khan against the decree passed by the trial court.
The first appellate court allowed the appeal and dismissed the
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plaintiff’s suit holding that plaintiff is the owner of the property
only to the extent of 3/4th share and since defendant nos. 1 and 2
are the tenants of defendant no.3 they are not liable to be evicted.
9. The present appellant filed a second appeal in the Allahabad
High Court. The High Court in the first round set aside the
judgment of the first appellate court, allowed the appeal and
decreed the suit for possession. An appeal was filed by one Smt.
Murtaza Jahan in this Court on the ground that she was also one
of the legal heirs and no notice had been served upon her. This
Court allowed the appeal only on that short ground and
remanded the case to the High Court.
10. After remand, the High Court framed three questions of law
but we are only concerned with the substantial question at serial
no.3 which reads as under:
“ xxx xxx xxx
xxx xxx xxx
3. Whether, appeal of tenant was maintainable, while the
mortgagee (defendant no.3) had accepted the decree of the trial
court by which the trial court recorded the finding that
redemption of mortgage has also taken place?”
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The High Court held that even in the absence of defendant no.3
the appeal was maintainable.
11. We have heard learned counsel for the appellants. In our
view, the High Court gravely erred in holding that defendant nos.
1 and 2 could maintain an appeal challenging the finding of the
trial court that defendant no.3 was not the owner of the property
when defendant no.3 himself had not challenged this.
12. An important aspect of the matter is that defendant nos. 1
and 2 only claimed to be the tenants in the property. They did
not claim any ownership rights. It is true that according to them,
it was defendant no.3 Mustaffa Shah Khan who was the
mortgagee of the property but the trial court in the presence of
the owner after contest decreed the suit in favour of the plaintiff
and against the defendants. It specifically held that the plaintiff
had become the full owner of the whole property which stood
redeemed and defendant no.3 Mustaffa Shah Khan had no share
in the property. This finding should have been challenged by
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defendant no.3. This finding cannot be challenged by the
tenants.
13. The tenants remain tenants whoever be the landlord/owner.
Once defendant no.3 Mustaffa Shah Khan had not challenged the
decree of the trial court with regard to his title, defendant nos. 1
and 2 cannot be allowed to challenge the finding of ownership
with which they are not directly concerned. Therefore, the appeal
filed by them before the District Judge on the issue as to whether
the plaintiffs had become the full owner of the property or not,
was not maintainable. They could have challenged the decree on
other grounds but not on this ground.
14. In view of the above discussion, we set aside the judgment
dated 31.03.2009 of the High Court of Uttarakhand, at Nainital in
Second Appeal No.670 of 2001 and restore the judgment and
decree dated 23.03.1975 of the trial court decreeing the suit in
favour of the appellants. The appeal stands disposed of
9
accordingly. Pending applications, if any, shall also stand
disposed of. No order as to costs.
…………………………….J.
(Deepak Gupta)
…………………………….J.
(Aniruddha Bose)
New Delhi
September 12, 2019
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 4610 OF 2014
MOHAN CHANDRA TAMTA (DEAD)
THR. LRS. … APPELLANT(S)
VERSUS
ALI AHMAD (D) THR LRS & ORS. …RESPONDENT(S)
J U D G M E N T
Deepak Gupta, J.
This case has a long and chequered history. The litigation
initially started almost 59 years back. The suit property was a
three storeyed structure in the town of Almora in Uttarakhand.
The first records of this house are from the year 1872 when this
property is recorded in the ownership of three brothers namely
Pir Bux, Kalia and Subrati. Each brother had 1/3rd share in the
property. Pir Bux mortgaged his 1/3rd share in favour of one
Ahmadulla Khan for Rs.50/ in the year 1872. One of the
2
brothers, Subrati died issueless and his share of the property
devolved upon his two brothers Pir Bux and Kalia, who got an
additional 1/6th share each making them owners of half share
each in the property. On the death of Kalia, his share was
succeeded by his son Ilahi Bux, and on the death of Ilahi Bux his
widow Smt. Hafizan succeeded to his share of the property. She
sold her entire share of the property i.e., 50% to one Lalta Prasad
Tamta, predecessor in interest of the present appellant.
2. Half of Subrati’s property i.e. 1/6th of the total which had
fallen to the share of Pir Bux from Subrati was inherited by his
son Gulam Farid who in turn sold this property to Lalta Prasad
Tamta by way of a sale deed on 28.07.1944. Thus, Lalta Prasad
Tamta became the owner of 2/3rd of the structure. The
remaining 1/3rd continued to be under mortgage. According to
the plaintiff, Gulam Farid redeemed the property from Ahmadulla
Khan and sold the 1/3rd share to Lalta Prasad Tamta on
17.03.1954. Therefore, Lalta Prasad became the full owner of the
property.
3
3. It is the case of the plaintiff that defendant no.1 Khalil
Ahmed and defendant no.2 Ali Ahmad were permitted to stay in
some portion of this house by Lalta Prasad Tamta. Over a period
of time the building started subsiding and the ground floor got
embedded in the earth and only two storeys were left. In 1960,
Lalta Prasad Tamta issued notice to the said two defendants to
vacate the house but they refused to do so. He then filed Suit
No.115 of 1960 for their eviction. The defendant nos. 1 and 2
denied the title of Lalta Prasad Tamta over the property and
claimed that they were the tenants of defendant no.3 Mustaffa
Shah Khan, who was not a party in this suit. The said suit
instituted by Lalta Prasad Tamta was dismissed. Civil Appeal No.
58 of 1961 filed before the District Judge, Nainital, was also
dismissed.
4. According to the plaintiff, encouraged by the dismissal of
this suit, the defendants got further emboldened and trespassed
over other rooms in the house. It was urged that defendant no. 3
Mustaffa Shah Khan had no right in the property suit.
4
5. Another relevant fact is that according to the plaintiff after
the death of Ahmadulla Khan he was succeeded by three sons.
One of his sons Mahmood Shah Khan had 1/3rd share of 1/3rd
,
i.e. 1/9th share in the property. Mahmood Shah Khan
transferred his rights of mortgagee to one Sadiq Hussain and
Vilayat Hussain. In 1958, Lalta Prasad Tamta instituted a Civil
Suit No.216 of 1958 against Sadiq Hussain and Vilayat Hussain.
A compromise was arrived at between the parties and Sadiq
Hussain and Vilayat Hussain abandoned their rights in the
property. Thus, Lalta Prasad Tamta became the owner of this
1/9th share too. There is obviously some confusion because
according to Lalta Prasad Tamta he had already redeemed the
entire 1/3rd share of Ahmadulla Khan w.e.f. 17.03.1954. His
explanation is that to avoid any cloud to his title he settled the
matter.
6. Lalta Prasad Tamta in turn sold the property to Mohan
Chandra Tamta, appellant herein, on 27.08.1966. Mohan
Chandra Tamta filed a suit for recovery of possession of the top
floor of the house (3rd floor) and in the alternative also prayed for
5
redemption of any unredeemed portion of the mortgaged
property and expressed his willingness to pay the balance
mortgaged amount. The defendant nos. 1 and 2 contested the
suit and denied the ownership of the plaintiff on the suit
property. They again claimed that the property was owned by
defendant no.3 Mustaffa Shah Khan who had been impleaded as
party in this suit. Defendant no.3 supported the stand of
defendant nos. 1 and 2. It was pleaded that the suit for
redemption is barred by time.
7. The Trial court held that Lalta Prasad Tamta had acquired
full ownership of the property and he had transferred the same to
Mohan Chandra Tamta. A finding was given that the entire
property transferred to Ahmadulla Khan was redeemed by Lalta
Prasad Tamta. The suit was accordingly decreed on 23.03.1975.
8. Defendant no.2, i.e. the tenant, filed an appeal being Civil
Appeal No.10 of 1975 but no appeal was filed by defendant no.3
Mustaffa Shah Khan against the decree passed by the trial court.
The first appellate court allowed the appeal and dismissed the
6
plaintiff’s suit holding that plaintiff is the owner of the property
only to the extent of 3/4th share and since defendant nos. 1 and 2
are the tenants of defendant no.3 they are not liable to be evicted.
9. The present appellant filed a second appeal in the Allahabad
High Court. The High Court in the first round set aside the
judgment of the first appellate court, allowed the appeal and
decreed the suit for possession. An appeal was filed by one Smt.
Murtaza Jahan in this Court on the ground that she was also one
of the legal heirs and no notice had been served upon her. This
Court allowed the appeal only on that short ground and
remanded the case to the High Court.
10. After remand, the High Court framed three questions of law
but we are only concerned with the substantial question at serial
no.3 which reads as under:
“ xxx xxx xxx
xxx xxx xxx
3. Whether, appeal of tenant was maintainable, while the
mortgagee (defendant no.3) had accepted the decree of the trial
court by which the trial court recorded the finding that
redemption of mortgage has also taken place?”
7
The High Court held that even in the absence of defendant no.3
the appeal was maintainable.
11. We have heard learned counsel for the appellants. In our
view, the High Court gravely erred in holding that defendant nos.
1 and 2 could maintain an appeal challenging the finding of the
trial court that defendant no.3 was not the owner of the property
when defendant no.3 himself had not challenged this.
12. An important aspect of the matter is that defendant nos. 1
and 2 only claimed to be the tenants in the property. They did
not claim any ownership rights. It is true that according to them,
it was defendant no.3 Mustaffa Shah Khan who was the
mortgagee of the property but the trial court in the presence of
the owner after contest decreed the suit in favour of the plaintiff
and against the defendants. It specifically held that the plaintiff
had become the full owner of the whole property which stood
redeemed and defendant no.3 Mustaffa Shah Khan had no share
in the property. This finding should have been challenged by
8
defendant no.3. This finding cannot be challenged by the
tenants.
13. The tenants remain tenants whoever be the landlord/owner.
Once defendant no.3 Mustaffa Shah Khan had not challenged the
decree of the trial court with regard to his title, defendant nos. 1
and 2 cannot be allowed to challenge the finding of ownership
with which they are not directly concerned. Therefore, the appeal
filed by them before the District Judge on the issue as to whether
the plaintiffs had become the full owner of the property or not,
was not maintainable. They could have challenged the decree on
other grounds but not on this ground.
14. In view of the above discussion, we set aside the judgment
dated 31.03.2009 of the High Court of Uttarakhand, at Nainital in
Second Appeal No.670 of 2001 and restore the judgment and
decree dated 23.03.1975 of the trial court decreeing the suit in
favour of the appellants. The appeal stands disposed of
9
accordingly. Pending applications, if any, shall also stand
disposed of. No order as to costs.
…………………………….J.
(Deepak Gupta)
…………………………….J.
(Aniruddha Bose)
New Delhi
September 12, 2019
