Reportable
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 7448 of 2011
The National Textile Corporation Ltd. ..........Appellant
Versus
Nareshkumar Badrikumar Jagad & Ors. .........Respondents
J U D G M E N T
Dr. B. S. CHAUHAN, J.
1. This appeal has been preferred against the judgment and order
dated 3.8.2009 in Civil Revision Application No. 564 of 2008 passed
by the High Court of Judicature at Bombay affirming the judgment and
order of the Small Causes Appellate Court dated 14.8.2008 in Appeal
No. 627 of 2006 by which the appellate court has affirmed the
judgment and decree dated 5.8.2006 in TE & R Suit No. 311/326/2001
passed by the Court of Small Causes at Bombay.
2. FACTS:
A. The suit premises belongs to the trust run by the respondents -
Nareshkumar Badrikumar Jagad & Ors. Sh. Damodar Dass Tapi Dass
and Sh. Daya Bhai Tapidas executed a lease deed dated 11.3.1893 in
respect of the suit premises admeasuring 12118 sq. yds. bearing plot
no. 9 in Survey No. 73 of Lower Parel Division, N.M. Joshi Marg,
Chinchpokli, Mumbai-400 011, in favour of a company named Hope
Mills Limited for a period of 99 years commencing from 22.10.1891.
The lease so executed was to expire on 21.10.1990.
B. The original owners transferred and conveyed the suit property
in favour of one Harichand Roopchand and Ratan Bai on 22.2.1907.
Thereafter, the suit property came to be vested in and owned by a
public charitable trust, namely, Harichand Roopchand Charity Trust
(hereinafter called as `Trust').
C. The leasehold rights in respect of suit property stood transferred
to Prospect Mills Ltd. and, thereafter to Diamond Spinning & Weaving
Co. Pvt. Ltd. and, ultimately, vide a lease indenture dated 25.10. 1926
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to Toyo Poddar Cotton Mills Ltd. (hereinafter called the `Poddar
Mills').
D. The Textile Undertakings (Taking over of Management) Act,
1983 (hereinafter called `the Act 1983') was enacted by the Parliament
in order to take over the management of 13 textile undertakings
including the Poddar Mills pending their nationalisation. The lease
granted in favour of Poddar Mills expired by efflux of time on
22.10.1990. Thus, the said Poddar Mills continued as a tenant by
holding over the suit premises. The Trust issued a legal notice dated
2.12.1994 to the National Textile Corporation (hereinafter called as the
appellant), terminating its tenancy qua the suit premises. The
Parliament enacted the Textile Undertakings (Nationalisation) Act,
1995 (hereinafter called `the Act 1995'). The Trust filed an eviction
suit against the appellant under the provisions of the Bombay Rents,
Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947 (hereinafter called
`the Act 1947'). The Act 1947 stood repealed by the Maharashtra Rent
Control Act, 1999 (hereinafter called `the Act 1999'). The respondent-
Trust issued a notice for terminating the tenancy of the appellant vide
notice dated 26.9.2000. The respondents/plaintiffs after withdrawal of
the suit filed under the Act 1947, filed a fresh suit in the Small Causes
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Court at Bombay seeking eviction of appellant and for a decree of
mesne profits on 20.4.2001. The appellant filed the written statement
denying the pleas taken by the respondents/plaintiffs. The suit was
decreed in favour of the respondents/plaintiffs vide judgment and
decree dated 5.8.2006 by which the appellant was directed to hand over
vacant and peaceful possession of the suit premises to the respondents
within four months.
E. Being aggrieved, the appellant preferred Appeal No. 627 of 2006
to the Division Bench of the Small Causes Court at Bombay on
13.11.2006 which was dismissed by the appellate court by affirming
the judgment and decree of the trial court vide judgment and decree
dated 14.8.2008. The appellant preferred civil revision before the High
Court of Bombay, which has been dismissed vide impugned judgment
and order dated 3.8.2009.
Hence, this appeal.
3. Shri Prag P. Tripathi, learned Additional Solicitor General,
appearing for the appellant has submitted that the judgments and
decrees of the courts below have to be set aside as none of the courts
below has taken into consideration the effect of the provisions of the
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Act 1995 by virtue of which the textile undertaking stood absolutely
vested in the Central Government and further vested in the appellant.
As on the expiry of the lease of 99 years on 22.10.1990, the Act 1947
was in force, the then tenant, Poddar Mills became the statutory tenant.
Such tenancy rights stood vested absolutely in the Central Government
on commencement of the Act 1995 by operation of law. The appellant
stepped in the shoes of the Central Government merely as an agent,
thus, the Central Government remained the tenant. The Central
Government continued to be a tenant in the suit premises and thus,
would be protected in terms of Section 3(1) (a) of the Act 1999 being
premises let out to the Government. The courts below failed to
consider this vital legal issue. The suit filed by the respondents was
not maintainable. The judgments and decrees of the courts below are
liable to be set aside.
4. Per contra, Shri Mukul Rohatgi, learned senior counsel
appearing for the respondents, submitted that it is not permissible for
the court to travel beyond the pleadings. No evidence can be led on an
issue in respect of which proper pleadings have not been taken.
Findings of fact cannot be recorded on a issue on facts in respect of
which no factual foundation has been laid. The appellant had never
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raised the issue before the courts below that the Central Government
was the tenant and it was holding the premises merely as an agent. In
the written statement filed by the appellants, no reference was made to
the provisions of Act 1995. Even otherwise, the tenancy rights which
had vested in the Central Government, stood vested immediately, by
operation of law, in the appellant, a public sector undertaking as well as
the public limited company having a paid up share capital of more than
rupees one crore, thus the appellant has no protection of the Act 1999.
As the said provisions of Act 1999 are not attracted in the instant case,
the suit for eviction was filed before the Small Causes Court at
Bombay. All issues raised in the plaint have been adjudicated by three
courts. The power of the revisional court, in view of the provisions of
Section 115 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (hereinafter called as
`CPC'), remains very limited after the amendment Act 2002, w.e.f.
1.7.2002. Being the fourth court, in exercise of its power under Article
136 of the Constitution, this Court should not entertain the appeal. The
appeal lacks merit and is liable to be dismissed.
5. We have considered the rival submissions made by the learned
counsel for the parties and perused the record.
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6. In the instant case, no reference had ever been made by the
appellant to the effect of the provisions of the Act 1995 before the trial
court while filing the written submissions; neither any issue has been
framed; nor arguments had been advanced in regard to the same; this
issue has not been agitated either before the appellate court or
revisional court. Before us, an application has been filed to urge
additional grounds regarding the application of the Act 1995 without
seeking amendment to the pleadings (WS).
7. Pleadings and particulars are necessary to enable the court to
decide the rights of the parties in the trial. Therefore, the pleadings are
more of help to the court in narrowing the controversy involved and to
inform the parties concerned to the question in issue, so that the parties
may adduce appropriate evidence on the said issue. It is a settled legal
proposition that "as a rule relief not founded on the pleadings should
not be granted". A decision of a case cannot be based on grounds
outside the pleadings of the parties. The pleadings and issues are to
ascertain the real dispute between the parties to narrow the area of
conflict and to see just where the two sides differ. (Vide: M/s. Trojan
& Co. v. RM N.N. Nagappa Chettiar, AIR 1953 SC 235; State of
Maharashtra v. M/s. Hindustan Construction Company Ltd., AIR
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2010 SC 1299; and Kalyan Singh Chouhan v. C.P. Joshi, AIR 2011
SC 1127).
8. In Ram Sarup Gupta (dead) by L.Rs. v. Bishun Narain Inter
College & Ors., AIR 1987 SC 1242, this Court held as under:
"...... in the absence of pleadings, evidence if any,
produced by the parties cannot be considered......
no party should be permitted to travel beyond its
pleading and that all necessary and material facts
should be pleaded by the party in support of the
case set up by it."
Similar view has been reiterated in Bachhaj Nahar v. Nilima
Mandal & Ors., AIR 2009 SC 1103.
9. In Kashi Nath (Dead) through L.Rs. v. Jaganath, (2003) 8 SCC
740, this Court held that "where the evidence is not in line of the
pleadings and is at variance with it, the said evidence cannot be looked
into or relied upon."
Same remain the object for framing the issues under Order
XIV CPC and the court should not decide a suit on a matter/point on
which no issue has been framed. (Vide: Biswanath Agarwalla v.
Sabitri Bera & Ors., (2009) 15 SCC 693; and Kalyan Singh
Chouhan (supra).
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10. In Syed and Company & Ors. v. State of Jammu & Kashmir
& Ors., 1995 Supp (4) SCC 422, this Court held as under:
"Without specific pleadings in that regard,
evidence could not be led in since it is settled
principle of law that no amount of evidence can be
looked unless there is a pleading. Therefore,
without amendment of the pleadings merely trying
to lead evidence is not permissible."
11. In Chinta Lingam & Ors. v. The Govt. of India & Ors.,
AIR 1971 SC 474, this Court held that unless factual foundation has
been laid in the pleadings no argument is permissible to be raised on
that particular point.
12. In J. Jermons v. Aliammal & Ors, (1999) 7 SCC 382, while
dealing with a similar issue, this Court held as under:
"...... there is a fundamental difference between a
case of raising additional grounds based on the
pleadings and the material available on record
and a case of taking a new plea not borne out of
the pleadings. In the former case no amendment of
pleading is required, whereas in the latter it is
necessary to amend the pleadings...The
respondents cannot be permitted to make out a
new case by seeking permission to raise additional
grounds in revision."
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13. In view of the above, the law on the issue stands crystallised to
the effect that a party has to take proper pleadings and prove the same
by adducing sufficient evidence. No evidence can be permitted to be
adduced on a issue unless factual foundation has been laid down in
respect of the same.
14. There is no quarrel to the settled legal proposition that a new plea
cannot be taken in respect of any factual controversy whatsoever,
however, a new ground raising a pure legal issue for which no
inquiry/proof is required can be permitted to be raised by the court at
any stage of the proceedings. (See : M/s Sanghvi Reconditioners Pvt.
Ltd. v. Union of India & Ors., AIR 2010 SC 1089; and Greater
Mohali Area Development Authority & Ors. v. Manju Jain & Ors.,
AIR 2010 SC 3817).
15. The questions do arise as to whether in the facts and
circumstances of this case the Government is a tenant or the appellant
can be termed as "Government" or "Government Department" or
"agent" of the Central Government in the context of the Act 1999.
The Government loosely means the body of persons authorized
to administer the affairs of, or to govern, a State. It commands and its
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decision becomes binding upon the members of the society.
Government includes, both the Central Government as well as the State
Government. The government is impersonal in character having three
independent functionaries as its branches. It performs regal and
sovereign functions, which are not alienable to any other person, e.g.
defence, security, currency etc. Government means a group of people
responsible for governing the country. It consists of the activities,
methods and principles involved in governing a country or other
political unit.
The Government is a body that governs and exercises control
by issuing directions and is not governed by any other agency. It is a
body politic that formulates policies and the laws by which a civil
society is controlled. It is a political concept formulated to rule the
nation. It is not a profit and loss establishment. "From the legal point of
view, government may be described as the exercise of certain powers
and the performance of certain duties by public authorities or officers,
together with certain private persons or corporations exercising public
functions."
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Thus, Government Department means something purely
fundamental, i.e. relating to a particular government or to the practice
of governing a country. It has different Wings.
However, the expression `Government' may be required to be
interpreted in the context used in a particular Statute. The expression
denotes the Executive and not the Legislature. (Vide: State of
Rajasthan & Anr. v. Sripal Jain, AIR 1963 SC 1323; Pashupati
Nath Sukul v. Nem Chandra Jain & Ors., AIR 1984 SC 399; R.S.
Nayak v. A.R. Antulay, AIR 1984 SC 684; and V.S. Mallimath v.
Union of India & Anr., AIR 2001 SC 1455)
16. To perform the functions, the Government has its various
departments and to facilitate its working, the Government itself may be
divided into various Sections. To carry out the commercial activities by
the State, the Corporations have been established by enactment of
Statutes and the "power to charter Corporations is incidental to or in
aid of Governmental functions." Such Corporations would ex-
hypothesis be agencies of the Government. (Vide : Sukhdev Singh &
Ors. v. Bhagatram Sardar Singh Raghuvanshi & Anr., AIR 1975
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SC 1331; and Ramana Dayaram Shetty v. The International
Airport Authority of India & Ors., AIR 1979 SC 1628).
17. Banks and Financial institutions carrying out financial
transactions, are independent to do business subject to the regulatory
laws made by the legislature. They are not under the direct executive
control of the government. They are profit and loss earning
organisations coupled with all connected financial and economic
activities. They are a body corporate with a limited role to play and do
not "govern" people as understood by governance. (See: Federal Bank
Ltd. v. Sagar Thomas & Ors., AIR 2003 SC 4325).
18. In State of Punjab & Ors. v. Raja Ram & Ors., AIR 1981 SC
1694, this Court considered the provisions of the Food Corporation
Act, 1964 and held that Food Corporation of India was not a
Government department but a Government Company. The Court
observed :
"A Government department has to be an
organisation which is not only completely
controlled and financed by the Government but
has also no identity of its own. The money earned
by such a department goes to the exchequer of the
Government and losses incurred by the
department are losses of the Government. The
Corporation, on the other hand, is an autonomous
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body capable of acquiring, holding and disposing
of property and having the power to contract. It
may also sue or be sued by its own name and the
Government does not figure in any litigation to
which it is a party."
(See also: The State of Bihar v. The Union of India & Anr., AIR
1970 SC 1446; S.S. Dhanoa v. Municipal Corporation Delhi &
Ors., AIR 1981 SC 1395; K. Jayamohan v. State of Kerala & Anr.,
(1997) 5 SCC 170; Hindustan Steel Works Construction Ltd. v.
State of Kerala & Ors., AIR 1997 SC 2275; Mohd. Hadi Raja v.
State of Bihar & Anr., AIR 1998 SC 1945; and State through
Narcotics Control Bureau v. Kulwant Singh, AIR 2003 SC 1599).
19. In Food Corporation of India v. Municipal Committee,
Jalalabad & Anr., AIR 1999 SC 2573, this Court considered the case
of imposition of house tax under the provisions of the Punjab
Municipalities Act, 1911 and held that Food Corporation of India was a
Government Company and not a Government Department - a distinct
entity from Central Government. Thus, was not entitled to
exemption from tax under Article 285 of the Constitution. While
deciding the said case, reliance had been placed by the Court on its
earlier judgment in M/s. Electronics Corporation of India Ltd., etc.
etc. v. Secretary, Revenue Department, Government of Andhra
Pradesh & Ors., etc. etc., AIR 1999 SC 1734.
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20. In A.K. Bindal & Anr. v. Union of India & Ors., (2003) 5
SCC 163, this Court clarified:
"The legal position is that identity of the
government company remains distinct from the
Government. The government company is not
identified with the Union but has been placed
under a special system of control and conferred
certain privileges by virtue of the provisions
contained in Sections 619 and 620 of the
Companies Act. Merely because the entire
shareholding is owned by the Central
Government will not make the incorporated
company as Central Government....."
(Emphasis added)
21. In Southern Roadways Ltd., Madurai v. S.M. Krishnan,
AIR 1990 SC 673, this Court examined an issue whether the
possession of the agent can be termed to be the possession of the
principal for all purposes including the acquisition of title and held
that agent who receives property from or for his principal, obtains
no interest for himself in the property for the reason that
possession of the agent is the possession of the principal and in
view of the fiduciary relationship the agent cannot claim his own
possession. While deciding the said case reliance was placed on
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various earlier judgments including Smt. Chandrakantaben v.
Vadilal Bapalal Modi, AIR 1989 SC 1269.
In Prem Nath Motors Ltd. v. Anurag Mittal, AIR
2009 SC 569, this Court dealt with the relationship of agent and
principal and held that in view of the provisions of Section 230 of
the Indian Contract Act 1872 (hereinafter called the `Contract
Act'), an agent is not liable for the acts of a disclosed principal
subject to a contract to the contrary. Where the relationship of
principal and agent is established the agent cannot be sued when
the principal has been disclosed. (See also: Vivek Automobiles
Ltd. v. Indian Inc., (2009) 17 SCC 657).
Thus, it was made clear that suit does not lie against
an agent where the principal is known or has been disclosed.
The appellant may be called `agency' or `instrumentality' of
the Central Government for a limited purpose, namely to label it to
be the "State" within the ambit of Article 12 of the Constitution.
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(See: Pradeep Kumar Biswas v. Indian Institute of Chemical
Biology & Ors., (2002) 5 SCC 111).
However, even by stretch of imagination, the appellant
cannot be held to be an `agent' of the Central Government as
defined under Section 182 of the Contract Act.
22. Thus, if the aforesaid settled legal principles are applied to the
appellant, it becomes evident that appellant is neither the government
nor the department of the government, but a Government Company.
Appellant cannot identify itself with the Central Government. The
submission made by Mr. Tripathi that appellant is merely an agent of
the Central Government is not worth consideration at all for the simple
reason that rights vested in the appellant stood crystallised after being
transferred by the Central Government. Appellant is being controlled
by the provisions of the Act 1995 and not by the Central Government.
Whereas an agent is merely an extended hand of the principal and
cannot claim independent rights.
23. Section 3 (1) (a) & (b) provide for exemption from the
application of the Act 1999. This Court examined the validity of
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provisions of Section 3(1) (a) and (b) of the Act 1999 in Saraswat
Coop. Bank Ltd. & Anr. v. State of Maharashtra & Ors., (2006) 8
SCC 520 and came to the conclusion that it was within the exclusive
domain of the legislature to decide which section of tenants should be
afforded protection on the basis of economic criteria. If a particular
section of tenants is not protected considering their economic
conditions it can be held to be a reasonable classification and making
such distinction is valid. The exclusion of premises let or sub-let to
banks or any public sector undertaking or any corporation established
by or under any Central or State Act or foreign missions, international
agencies, multinational companies and private and public limited
companies having paid up share capital of rupees one crore or more
could not be held to be arbitrary. The Court further held that the
provisions of Section 3(1)(b) are applicable to all premises whether let
out before or after commencement of the Act 1999.
24. In Leelabai Gajanan Pansare & Ors. v. Oriental Insurance
Company Ltd. & Ors., (2008) 9 SCC 720, this Court dealt with the
same issue as which of the categories of tenants have been excluded
from the operation of the Act 1999 and held as under:
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"Therefore, we are of the view that on a plain
meaning of the word "PSUs" as understood by the
legislature, it is clear that, India's PSUs are in the
form of statutory corporations, public sector
companies, government companies and companies
in which the public are substantially interested
(see the Income Tax Act, 1961). When the word
PSU is mentioned in Section 3(1)(b), the State
Legislature is presumed to know the
recommendations of the various Parliamentary
Committees on PSUs. These entities are basically
cash-rich entities. They have positive net asset
value. They have positive net worths. They can
afford to pay rents at the market rate........we
hold that Section 3(1)(b) clearly applies to
different categories of tenants, all of whom are
capable of paying rent at market rates.
Multinational companies, international agencies,
statutory corporations, government companies,
public sector companies can certainly afford to
pay rent at the market rates. This thought is
further highlighted by the last category in Section
3(1)(b). Private limited companies and public
limited companies having a paid-up share capital
of more than Rs 1,00,00,000 are excluded from the
protection of the Rent Act. This further supports
the view which we have taken that each and every
entity mentioned in Section 3(1)(b) can afford to
pay rent at the market rates."
(Emphasis added)
(See also: D.C. Bhatia & Ors. v. Union of India & Anr., (1995) 1
SCC 104).
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25. The case stands squarely covered by the judgment of this Court
in Leelabai Gajanan Pansare (supra) so far as the issue of exemption
to the Act 1999 is concerned.
26. Section 3(1) and (2) of the Act 1995 reads as under:
"3(1) On the appointed day, the right, title and
interest of the owner in relation to every textile
undertaking shall stand transferred to and shall
vest absolutely in, the Central Government.
(2) Every textile undertaking which stands vested
in the Central Government by virtue of sub-section
(1), shall immediately after it has so vested, stand
transferred to, and vested in, the National Textile
Corporation." (Emphasis added)
The aforesaid provisions require construction giving proper
meaning to the expression `vesting'.
27. `Vesting' means having obtained an absolute and indefeasible
right. It refers to and is used for transfer or conveyance. `Vesting' in
the general sense, means vesting in possession. However, `Vesting'
does not necessarily and always means possession but includes vesting
of interest as well. `Vesting' may mean vesting in title, vesting in
possession or vesting in a limited sense, as indicated in the context in
which it is used in a particular provision of the Act. Word `Vest' has
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different shades, taking colour from the context in which it is used. It
does not necessarily mean absolute vesting in every situation and is
capable of bearing the meaning of a limited vesting, being limited, in
title as well as duration. Thus, the word `vest' clothes varied colours
from the context and situation in which the word came to be used in the
statute. The expression `vest' is a word of ambiguous import since it
has no fixed connotation and the same has to be understood in a
different context under different set of circumstances. (Vide: Fruit &
Vegetable Merchants Union v. Delhi Improvement Trust, AIR 1957
SC 344 ; Maharaj Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Ors., AIR
1976 SC 2602; Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad v. P.N.
Murthy & Ors., AIR 1987 SC 802; Vatticherukuru Village
Panchayat v. Nori Venkatarama Deekshithulu & Ors., 1991 Supp.
(2) SCC 228; Dr. M. Ismail Faruqui etc. v. Union of India & Ors.,
AIR 1995 SC 605 ; Government of A.P. v. H.E.H. The Nizam,
Hyderabad, (1996) 3 SCC 282 ; K.V. Shivakumar & Anr. v.
Appropriate Authority & Ors., (2000) 3 SCC 485 ; Municipal
Corporation of Greater Bombay & Ors. v. Hindustan Petroleum
Corporation & Anr., AIR 2001 SC 3630 ; and Sulochana
Chandrakant Galande v. Pune Municipal Transport & Ors., (2010)
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8 SCC 467).
28. The Act 1995 has been brought for providing the acquisition and
transfer of the rights, title and interest of the owners in respect of the
textile undertakings. Respondents had not been the owner of the textile
undertaking. They had rented out the premises to Poddar Mills and
what had vested in the Central Government was only the right, title and
interest of the Poddar Mills and nothing else. The Poddar Mills was
having only right in tenancy in the suit premises. The owner had been
defined in clause (g) of Section 2 of the Act 1995, taking into
consideration the expression in relation to textile undertaking as a
proprietor or lessee, or occupier of the textile company undertaking. It
included even the receiver and liquidator where the companies had
gone under liquidation. Textile undertaking has been defined in
Section 2(m) which means undertaking specified in column (2) of the
First Schedule to the Act 1995 i.e., the textile undertakings,
management of which had been taken over by the Central Government
under the Act 1983. The First Schedule included Poddar Mills at Sl.
No.9 and Poddar Mills had been paid compensation to the tune of
Rs.7,46,30,000. Nothing has been paid so far as respondent No.1 is
concerned. Sub-section (6) of Section 4 of the Act 1995 provides that
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any suit, appeal or other proceedings of whatever nature in relation to
any property which had vested in the Central Government under
Section 3 on the appointed day, instituted or preferred by or against the
textile company is pending, the same shall not abate or adversely affect
the rights of the parties by reason of the transfer of textile undertaking.
Thus, the commencement of the Act 1995 does not really affect even
the pending cases. In view thereof, it is beyond our imagination as how
the Act 1995 would prejudice the cause of the respondents in the
proceedings which arose subsequent to the commencement of this Act.
29. It is not permissible for the appellant to canvass that the Central
Government has any concern so far as the tenancy rights are concerned.
Right vested in the Central Government stood transferred and vested in
the appellant. Both are separate legal entities and are not synonymous.
The appellant being neither the government nor government department
cannot agitate that as it has been substituted in place of the Central
Government, and acts merely as an agent of the Central Government,
thus protection of the Act 1999 is available to it. Appellant cannot be
permitted to say that though all the rights vested in it but it merely
remained the agent of the Central Government. Acceptance of such a
submission would require interpreting the expression `vesting' as
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holding on behalf of some other person. Such a meaning cannot be
given to the expression `vesting'.
It is a settled legal proposition that an agent cannot be
sued where the principal is known. In the instant case, the
appellant has not taken plea before either of the courts below. In
view of the provisions of Order VIII Rule 2 CPC, the appellant
was under an obligation to take a specific plea to show that the suit
was not maintainable which it failed to do so. The vague plea to
the extent that the suit was bad for non-joinder and, thus, was not
maintainable, did not meet the requirement of law. The appellant
ought to have taken a plea in the written statement that it was
merely an `agent' of the Central Government, thus the suit against
it was not maintainable. More so, whether A is an agent of B is a
question of fact and has to be properly pleaded and proved by
adducing evidence. The appellant miserably failed to take the
required pleadings for the purpose.
30. Thus, in view of the above, we reach the inescapable
conclusion that appellant is not entitled for exemption under
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Section 3(1)(a) or 3(1)(b) of the Act 1999. Nor can it claim the
status of an `agent' of the Central Government. Submissions
advanced on behalf of the appellant are preposterous. Facts and
circumstances of the case do not warrant review of the impugned
judgment.
However, considering the nature of business of the
appellant, it is in the interest of justice that appellant be given time
upto 31.12.2013, to vacate the premises. Appellant shall file a
usual undertaking within four weeks from today to hand over
peaceful and vacant possession to the respondent No.1.
With the aforesaid observation, appeal stands
dismissed.
............................J.
(P. SATHASIVAM)
...........................J.
(Dr. B.S. CHAUHAN)
New Delhi,
September 5, 2011
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