REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NOs. 1693-1694 OF 2005
State of U.P. ...Appellant
Versus
Mohd Iqram & Anr. ...Respondents
J U D G M E N T
Dr. B.S. CHAUHAN, J.
1. These appeals have been preferred by the State of U.P. against
the judgment and order dated 25.04.2003 passed by the High Court of
Judicature at Allahabad in Criminal Appeal Nos. 14 and 60 of 1981,
reversing the judgment and order of the Sessions Court dated
20.12.1980 in Session Trial No. 382 of 1980 passed by the learned
District Judge, Saharanpur, by which both the respondents stood
convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal
Code, 1860 (hereinafter called as `IPC') and had been awarded life
imprisonment.
2. The brief resume of the facts as emerging from the FIR and the
evidence adduced by the parties is set forth:
(A) One Rashmi, deceased, aged about 30 years had been married to
Suresh Kumar (accused, acquitted by the Sessions Court), but her
relations with him and her mother in law always remained strained.
They had no child. Suresh Kumar obtained a decree of divorce on
30.01.1980 under Section 13 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 and as
per the decree, Rashmi, deceased, was permitted to reside in a room
with an enclosed open area towards its West, apart from the rest of the
house, and she was granted maintenance @ Rs.150/- per month till her
life time or remarriage, whichever was earlier. Being aggrieved,
Rashmi, deceased, had preferred an appeal against the said decree of
divorce dated 30.01.1980 and the same was pending before the District
Judge, Saharanpur.
(B) On 15.0.5.1980 at about 9.00 P.M., S.I. Brahm Pal Singh (PW.6)
of Police Station Sadar Bazar accompanied by Head Constable Balvir
Singh (PW.7) and other two constables was on a routine check-up and
general patrolling. On reaching the West of Adarsh School in the close
vicinity of the house of Rashmi, deceased, he and his companions
heard shrieks emanating from the house of Suresh Kumar accused
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known as "Jagadhari Walon Ki Kothi". The police party saw three
persons scaling down the wall of the Sahan towards West of the room
under the occupation of Rashmi, deceased.
(C) On being challenged and flashing of torch light, two of them ran
towards North West and the third towards South. On a chase, the
present two respondents who were running towards North West, were
caught hold by Samay Singh (PW.8) and one Sharif who was present
there. The other accused who ran towards South, managed to escape.
He was named as Suresh Kumar by the present two respondents after
they had been apprehended. The respondents led the police party
inside the Sahan of the said house. The lock inside the door opening in
the Sahan was broken by S.I. Brahm Pal Singh (PW.6) and a woman
was seen lying unconscious on the floor in the room on a cot. In the
meanwhile, Mahesh Kumar (PW.3), (brother of Suresh Kumar), also
came down from the upper storey besides other persons. Mahesh
Kumar (PW.3) took Rashmi, deceased, by car to S.B.D. Hospital,
Saharanpur. The respondents had been taken to the police station Sadar
Bazar where FIR was lodged by S.I. Brahm Pal Singh (PW.6).
However, on receiving the information of death of Rashmi, deceased,
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at about 11.00 P.M. from Mahesh Kumar (PW.3), the case was
converted under Section 302 IPC and investigation ensued.
(D) The post-mortem of the dead body was conducted by Dr. G.R.
Sharma (PW.1) on 16.05.1980, according to which the deceased was
about 30 years of age and had died about 18 hours from the time of
conducting post-mortem. The doctor found the following ante-mortem
injuries on her person:
(1) Lacerated wound 1 = cm x 1 = cm x < cm on left eyelid
with contusion 7.5 x 2 cm extending from left eyelid to left
temple region.
(2) Abrasion 4 x = cm on left cheek.
(3) Abrasion 1 = cm x > cm on left side neck, 2 cm below angle
of mandible.
(4) Abrasion = cm x = cm with contusion 1 = cm x 1 cm on the
right side of neck, 4 cm below angle of mandible.
(5) Abrasion 1 = cm x 1 cm on back of left shoulder joint top.
(6) Abrasion 1 cm x 1 cm on back of left elbow joint.
(7) Contusion 5 cm x 3 cm on right forearm upper 1/3rd medial
side.
(8) Contusion 4 cm x 2 cm on back of inner angle of scapula.
(E) Suresh Kumar was also arrested on 23.05.1980 and he was kept
bapurdah. He was subjected to test identification parade on 6.6.1980
and was identified by S.I. Brahm Pal Singh (PW.6), Head Constable
Balvir Singh (PW.7) and Samay Singh (PW.8) besides Babu Ram and
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Surendra Pal. As all the three accused pleaded not guilty, they were
put to trial. The prosecution, in all, examined 13 witnesses. The
respondent Mohd. Iqram also examined one Bhugan (DW.1), the
Pradhan of village Taharpur in his defence.
(F) On consideration of the evidence on record, the learned trial
court convicted and sentenced the two respondents as mentioned
hereinabove, but acquitted Suresh Kumar (husband of deceased
Rashmi) giving him benefit of doubt entirely on the premise that he
might have been known to the identifying witnesses from before, and
he was shown to the witnesses before being put to test identification.
(G) Being aggrieved, the two respondents filed Criminal Appeal
Nos. 14 and 60 of 1981 before the Allahabad High court which have
been allowed by the judgment and order dated 25.04.2003. Hence,
these appeals.
3. Shri R.K. Gupta, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the
State of U.P., has submitted that the High Court committed an error in
acquitting the respondents without appreciating the facts on record.
The trial court had convicted the respondents on circumstantial
evidence making clear cut observations that the chain of
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circumstances was complete; the said respondents had been arrested
from the place of occurrence; their presence was not likely to be there
as they were not the residents of the area; there had been no theft or
dacoity in the area. Rashmi, deceased, was strangulated with hands
without the aid of any weapon. The High Court ordered acquittal on
the basis that no weapon had been recovered and probably Suresh
Kumar, who had been acquitted by the trial court had committed the
murder after committing rape on the deceased, though the trial court
had recorded a finding that there had been no violence with the body
of the deceased even prior to her strangulation. The High Court has
placed reliance on inadmissible evidence which is not permissible in
law. The judgment and order of the High Court is liable to be set
aside and the appeals deserve to be allowed.
4. On the contrary, Smt. K. Sarada, learned amicus curiae, has
vehemently opposed the appeals contending that the High Court had
given cogent reasons while acquitting the respondents. This Court
should not interfere with the said order as it is based on proper
appreciation of evidence. No motive could be established against the
respondents, thus, appeals are liable to be dismissed.
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5. We have considered the rival submissions made by both the
learned counsel for the parties and perused the record.
6. As it is a case of acquittal, this Court has to be slow in
interfering with the impugned judgment and order and it is
permissible to reverse the judgment of acquittal only on settled
principles of law. This Court will have to record conclusions that the
findings of fact recorded by the High Court are perverse and, for that
purpose, it is necessary for us to make reference to the evidence on
record very briefly.
7. Mahesh Kumar (PW.3) is the brother of accused Suresh Kumar,
husband of Rashmi, deceased. He had deposed that on 15.5.1980 at
about 9.00 P.M., he was on the roof of his house alongwith his
another brother. He heard shrieks from the room of Rashmi, deceased.
He flashed the light of torch towards the same and found that 2-3
persons were running away from there. He immediately came down
stairs and found that some persons had already gathered there. He
found that these two respondents had been apprehended by the police
and local persons present there. He had gone alongwith these
respondents and police to the room of the deceased and found her
lying on the cot. Mukesh Kumar (PW.3) took her to the hospital
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where she was declared dead. S.I. Brahm Pal Singh (PW.6) has
supported the prosecution case by stating that when he was on patrol
duty on 15.5.1980 and reached near the place of occurrence, he heard
some noise from the residence of Rashmi, deceased. He immediately
went towards the said house and found that three persons were scaling
down the Western wall of the building. The police party chased them
alongwith other persons and apprehended them. Samay Singh (PW.8)
and Sharif had also reached there. One person escaped. Constable
Balvir Singh (PW.7) who had accompanied S.I. Brahm Pal Singh
(PW.6) deposed that they found three persons scaling down the
Western wall of the house and police alongwith other persons chased
them and apprehended two persons while one escaped. Samay Singh
(PW.8) has also made a similar statement supporting the case of the
prosecution. Om Prakash Chaudhry, a practicing advocate, had
deposed about the strained relationship between accused Suresh
Kumar and deceased Rashmi and further deposed that Rashmi,
deceased, had told him 2-3 times that she had an apprehension of
being killed by Suresh Kumar, accused and his mother in law. The
prosecution case stands further supported by Dr. G.R. Sharma (PW.1),
who had conducted the post-mortem examination and in the report
opined that injuries on the person of Rashmi, deceased, could be
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caused by strangulation and use of force.
8. After appreciating the aforesaid evidence including the
deposition of Bhugan (DW.1), the trial court came to the conclusion
that Suresh Kumar, accused, had no motive and his identification was
also not reliable and acquitted him by giving the benefit of doubt.
9. The respondents were convicted by giving cogent reasons on
the basis of the following grounds:
7 None of the accused persons belonged to the locality or even to
the city.
7 No suggestion came to be made from their side as to what could
have brought them to the spot at the moment.
7 They were utter strangers to the area operating under cover of
darkness and seen scaling down the wall in a bid to run away.
7 Upon being taken into custody they took the police party inside
the western Sahan and then to the apartment occupied by the
deceased.
7 The medical evidence did not suggest that there was rape or
anything of the kind attempted on Smt. Rashmi. Nor did the
investigation reveal any case of theft.
7 The purse of the deceased was found intact in the room besides
the sum of Rs.107/- and odd. None of the articles was shown to
have been taken away. The object behind those who operated
inside the room, therefore, could not have other than to kill Smt.
Rashmi.
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7 Death was possible in the medical opinion also, to be caused by
strangulation with the hands without the application of any other
instrument or weapon.
10. The High Court after appreciating the evidence acquitted the
respondents on the basis of the following findings:
(I) The simple fact of their running in the lane at
that moment could not be sufficient to fasten the guilt
on their heads. There is no corroboration of any
independent witness that the accused had scaled down
the Western wall of the house.
(II) The deceased was a continuous source of trouble
to her husband Suresh Kumar. She was not reconciled
to the divorce granted in favour of her husband and she
had challenged the same before the appellate court and
her husband had also been burdened with the liability
to pay maintenance to her till her life time. Further
observations made by the Court read as under:
"The post-mortem report shows that seminal
fluid was found in her vaginal part and several
ante-mortem injuries had also been inflicted on
her. The autopsy indicated as if she was subject
to forcible intercourse also before her death.
The greater possibility is that it was her
husband who cut short her life after inflicting
several injuries on her and strangulating her,
but before doing that he even had forcible
sexual intercourse with her exhibiting sadistic
tendency. He did her to death this way,
removing the thorn from his way for all times
to come. After committing the crime, he
managed the vanishing trick from the scene.
The said feature is that the case was given a
different profile relating to him, not coming up
to the standard required to find him guilty."
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(III) There was no electric supply at the relevant time.
Thus, identification of the accused while scaling down
the wall becomes doubtful.
(IV) The weapon used in the offence had not been
recovered.
11. In the aforesaid fact-situation, the case requires very close
scrutiny.
Dr. G.R. Sharma (PW.1) had deposed that the injuries could be
caused by strangulation by hands. Thus, the question of recovering
any weapon as mentioned by the High Court, is totally unwarranted
and uncalled for. More so, nature of the injuries itself reveal that for
causing such injuries, no weapon was required. Non-use of weapon
cannot be illogical, keeping in view the findings recorded in the post
mortem report.
12. So far as the issue of rape of the deceased prior to her murder
by Suresh Kumar, accused, her ex-husband, is concerned, the trial
court has recorded findings of fact on this aspect in the negative.
Undoubtedly, post-mortem report contains such observations, but Dr.
G.R. Sharma (PW.1) has not made any such reference either in his
examination-in-chief or cross-examination. Nor this aspect had ever
been put to either of the three accused in their statements recorded
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under Section 313 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter
called `Cr.P.C.'). We fail to understand as under what circumstances
it was permissible for the High Court to make such observations about
the post-mortem report. Accused Suresh Kumar has been acquitted
by the trial court. The State, for reasons best known to it, did not
prefer any appeal against the said order of acquittal. We are of the
considered opinion that it was not permissible for the High Court to
castigate the accused Suresh Kumar with such observations holding
him guilty of committing rape and subsequently murder of his ex-wife
Rashmi. Undoubtedly, the post-mortem report had been proved but
that does not mean that each and every content thereof is stood proved
or can be held to be admissible. Such observations cannot be termed
to be a substantive piece of evidence. Dr. G.R. Sharma (PW.1) did not
even whisper about the same in his statement made in the court which
is the only substantive piece of evidence in law. The court cannot
place reliance on incriminating material against the accused, unless it
is put to him during his examination under Section 313 Cr.P.C. Thus,
the High Court committed an error by taking into consideration the
inadmissible evidence for the purpose of deciding the criminal appeals
and holding the person guilty who had already been acquitted by the
trial court. The post-mortem report had been examined at the time of
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framing of the charges. The trial court did not frame any charge under
Section 376 IPC or Section 376 read with Section 511 IPC. More so,
no witness had ever mentioned anything in this respect. Thus, it is
beyond any stretch of imagination of any person, how such
observations could be made by the High Court.
13. No matter how weak or scanty the prosecution evidence is in
regard to certain incriminating material, it is the duty of the Court to
examine the accused and seek his explanation on incriminating
material that has surfaced against him. Section 313 Cr.P.C. is based
on the fundamental principle of fairness. The attention of the accused
must specifically be brought to inculpatory pieces of evidence to give
him an opportunity to offer an explanation if he chooses to do so.
Therefore, the court is under a legal obligation to put the incriminating
circumstances before the accused and solicit his response. This
provision is mandatory in nature and casts an imperative duty on the
court and confers a corresponding right on the accused to have an
opportunity to offer an explanation for such incriminatory material
appearing against him. Circumstances which were not put to the
accused in his examination under Section 313 Cr.P.C. cannot be used
against him and have to be excluded from consideration. (Vide:
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Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1984 SC
1622; State of Maharashtra v. Sukhdeo Singh & Anr., AIR 1992
SC 2100; and Paramjeet Singh @ Pamma v. State of Uttarakhand,
AIR 2011 SC 200)
14. In State of Bihar and Ors. v. Radha Krishna Singh & Ors.,
AIR 1983 SC 684, this Court dealt with the issue of prohibitive value
of the contents of an admitted document and held as under :-
"Admissibility of a document is one thing and its
probative value quite another-these two aspects
cannot be combined. A document may be admissible
and yet may not carry any conviction and weight of
its probative value may be nil......"
(See also: Madan Mohan Singh v. Rajni Kant, AIR 2010 SC 2933)
Thus, even if the post mortem report revealed any sexual
assault on the deceased victim, such contents are not admissible, in
spite of the fact that the post mortem report had been exhibited and
proved by Dr. G.R. Sharma (PW.1), in view of the facts mentioned
hereinabove.
15. So far as the question of the source of light and identification of
the accused are concerned, the depositions of Mahesh Kumar (PW.3),
brother of Suresh Kumar-accused, Brahm Pal Singh, S.I. (PW.6),
Balvir Singh (PW.7) and Samay Singh (PW.8) reveal that there were
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minimum three torches which had been flashed simultaneously on the
persons who were scaling down the wall and were being chased by the
police as well as by the local residents including Samay Singh (PW.8).
In such a fact-situation, failure of electric supply does not become
fatal.
Brahm Pal Singh (PW.6) and Balvir Singh (PW.7) have
identified the respondents being the persons who were scaling down
the wall and had been apprehended upon an immediate chase.
Therefore, the High Court erred in recording the finding that
identification was doubtful.
Once the prosecution had brought home the evidence of
the presence of the accused at the scene of the crime, then the onus
stood shifted on the defence to have brought forth suggestions as to
what could have brought them to the spot at that dead of night. The
accused were apprehended and therefore, they were under an
obligation to rebut this burden discharged by the prosecution, and
having failed to do so, the trial court was justified in recording its
findings on this issue. The High Court committed an error by
concluding that the prosecution had failed to discharge its burden.
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Thus, the judgment proceeds on a surmise that renders it
unsustainable.
The trial court did not find evidence of Bhugan (DW.1),
examined by Mohd. Iqram, one of the respondents , worth acceptance.
16. The High Court did not even make any reference to him. It is a
settled legal proposition that in exceptional cases where there are
compelling circumstances, and the judgment under appeal is found to
be perverse i.e. the conclusions of the courts below are contrary to the
evidence on record or its entire approach in dealing with the evidence
is patently illegal, leading to miscarriage of justice or its judgment is
unreasonable based on erroneous law and facts on the record of the
case, the appellate court should interfere with the order of acquittal.
While doing so, the appellate court should bear in mind the
presumption of innocence of the accused and further that the acquittal
by the courts below bolsters the presumption of his innocence.
Interference in a routine manner where the other view is possible
should be avoided, unless there are good reasons for interference.
(See : Babu v. State of Kerala, (2010 (9) SCC 189; Dr. Sunil
Kumar Sambhudayal Gupta & Ors. v. State of Maharashtra,
(2010) 13 SCC 657; Brahm Swaroop & Anr. v. State of U.P., AIR
2011 SC 280; S. Ganesan v. Rama Raghuraman & Ors., (2011) 2
SCC 83; V.S. Achuthanandan v. R. Balakrishna Pillai & Ors.,
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(2011) 3 SCC 317; State of M.P. v. Ramesh & Anr., (2011) 4 SCC
786; Abrar v. State of U.P., (2011) 2 SCC 750; and Rukia Begum &
Ors. v. State of Karnataka, (2011) 4 SCC 779).
17. In the instant case, the circumstantial evidence is so strong that
it points unmistakably to the guilt of the respondents and is incapable
of explanation of any other hypothesis that of their guilt. Therefore,
findings of fact recorded by the High Court are perverse, being based
on irrelevant considerations and inadmissible material.
18. In view of the above, the appeals succeed and are allowed. The
judgment and order of the High Court dated 25.04.2003 is hereby set
aside. The judgment and order of the trial court dated 20.12.1980 in
Sessions Trial No.382 of 1980 is restored. A copy of the order be sent
to the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Saharanpur to ensure that the
respondents be apprehended and sent to jail for serving out the
unserved part of the sentence awarded by the trial court.
....................................J.
(Dr. B.S. CHAUHAN)
.....................................
J.
(SWATANTER KUMAR)
New Delhi,
June 13, 2011
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