NON-REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.1324 OF 2008
ANIL S/O. SHAMRAO SUTE & ANR. … APPELLANTS
VERSUS
STATE OF MAHARASHTRA … RESPONDENT
JUDGMENT
(SMT.) RANJANA PRAKASH DESAI, J.
1. The two appellants (A1-Anil and A2-Ashok respectively) along with
four others (A3-Baba, A4-Kishor, A5-Shankar and A6-Mayabai) were charged
for offences under Sections 147, 148, 302 read with Section 149 of the
Indian Penal Code (for short, “the IPC”). Alternatively, they were also
charged for offence under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC.
During the pendency of the trial, A3-Baba was murdered and, therefore, the
case abated as against him.
2. The prosecution case rests on the evidence of PW-3 Meena, wife of
Vijay Lambat (“the deceased”). On 13/12/1991 at 22:25 hours, she is stated
to have lodged FIR at Wardha City Police Station. In her FIR, she stated
that the deceased was a driver. On 13/12/1991, in the evening, she and the
deceased were at their house. At about 8.00 p.m., A1-Anil, A2-Ashok and A5-
Shankar came to their house. They gave her money and asked her to bring
liquor. At that time, the deceased was sleeping. She sent her son to the
neighbour’s house to bring liquor. When he brought liquor, they consumed
it. Thereafter, they asked the deceased to accompany them for paan. The
deceased told them that he was not well. Even then, they forced him to get
up. They brought him out in the courtyard. In the courtyard, A1-Anil and A2-
Ashok dealt knife blows on his abdomen. Her mother-in-law A6-Mayabai was
holding the deceased. On account of knife blows, the deceased fell on the
spot. When she rushed to help the deceased, she was pushed aside by
holding her hair. She then rushed to the Wardha City Police Station and
lodged the FIR. The deceased was shifted to the General Hospital, Wardha
where he was declared dead. On completion of the investigation, the
accused came to be charged as aforesaid.
3. In support of its case, the prosecution examined seven witnesses.
The accused stated that they were innocent. They claimed to be tried. On
behalf of the accused, it was suggested that A1-Anil and A2-Ashok used to
visit the house of A6-Mayabai, the mother of the deceased, which was
resented by the deceased and his wife PW3-Meena. It was suggested that A3-
Baba may have murdered the deceased. Upon perusal of evidence learned
Sessions Judge acquitted A1-Anil, A2-Ashok, A4-Kishor, A5-Shankar and A6-
Mayabai of the offences punishable under Sections 147, 143 and 302 read
with Section 149 of the IPC. He also acquitted A4-Kishor, A5-Shankar and A6-
Mayabai of the offence punishable under Section 302 read with Section 34 of
the IPC. He found the appellants, A1-Anil and A2-Ashok guilty of the
offence punishable under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC and
sentenced them to suffer imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of Rs.500/-
each and, in default, to suffer further rigorous imprisonment for one
month each. The appeal carried by A1-Anil and A2-Ashok was dismissed by
the High Court and, hence, this appeal is filed by them.
4. Mr. Nitin Tambwekar, counsel for the appellants submitted that the
prosecution case rests on the evidence of PW-3 Meena. Counsel submitted
that PW-3 Meena is not a reliable witness because she has improved her case
in the court and tried to involve A3-Baba (since deceased) and A4-Kishor,
who has been acquitted by the trial court. Counsel pointed out that, in any
event, in the cross-examination, she stated that A1-Anil, A2-Ashok and A3-
Baba only dragged the deceased out and A3-Baba assaulted him. Counsel
submitted that, therefore, A1-Anil and A2-Ashok cannot be convicted under
Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. It cannot be said that A1-
Anil and A2-Ashok shared intention to commit murder with A3-Baba. In
support of his submission, counsel relied on the judgment of this court in
Narasappa v. State of Karnataka[1]. Mr. Sachin Patil, counsel for the
State, on the other hand, supported the impugned judgment.
5. From the evidence of Dr. Mun (PW-2), Medical Officer, attached to the
General Hospital, Wardha, who conducted post-mortem examination of the dead
body of the deceased and the post-mortem notes, it is clear that the
deceased was brutally murdered. The question is whether A1-Anil and A2-
Ashok could be held responsible for the murder.
6. We have already reproduced the contents of the FIR lodged by PW-3
Meena. It is now necessary to see her evidence. In our opinion, the
version of incident given by PW-3 Meena in the FIR materially differs from
the one she has given in the court. In her evidence in the court, in the
examination-in-chief, PW-3 Meena stated that on the date of the incident,
the deceased was in the house as he was not well; A1-Anil, A2-Ashok and A5-
Shankar came to her house; they asked the deceased to accompany them for
paan; they asked for money for liquor and when she told them that she did
not have money, they pressurized her; she then sent one boy to bring liquor
from the neighbour; accordingly, the boy brought liquor; A1-Anil, A2-Ashok
and A5-Shankar had liquor; they asked the deceased to have liquor but he
stated that he was not well; at that time, other accused also came and all
of them took the deceased to the courtyard; A1-Anil, A2-Ashok and A4-Kishor
started assaulting the deceased; A1-Anil had knife, A2-Ashok had gupti and
A5-Shankar had knife; A6-Mayabai came and caught hold of the deceased;
after assaulting the deceased, all the accused went away. She then went to
the police station and lodged the FIR. It is pertinent to note that in the
FIR, A4-Kishor’s name is not mentioned. Cross-examination of PW3-Meena
brings out a completely new story but before we go to cross-examination, it
is necessary to notice discrepancies in her FIR and examination-in-chief.
Whereas, in the FIR PW3-Meena stated that A1-Anil, A2-Ashok and A5-Shankar
gave her money and asked her to bring liquor and she sent her son to her
neighbour’s house to bring liquor, in her evidence she stated that they
asked for money for liquor and when she told them that she did not have
money, they pressurised her and therefore, she sent a boy to bring liquor
from her neighbour. She does not refer to her son. Even if this
discrepancy is overlooked as a minor discrepancy, her evidence cannot pass
the test of credibility because major improvements are made by her in her
cross-examination to which we shall now turn.
7. In her cross-examination PW3-Meena stated that A1-Anil and A2-Ashok
and A3-Baba were sitting in her house for five minutes for having liquor.
PW3-Meena then changed her statement and stated that A3-Baba was not
sitting there for having liquor but as soon as A1-Anil stood up A3-Baba
came to the door. She further stated that A1-Anil, A2-Ashok and A3-Baba
only dragged the deceased and A3-Baba assaulted the deceased in the
courtyard along with others. Thus, here she excluded A1-Anil and A2-Ashok
and stated that A3-Baba and others attacked the deceased. Presence of A3-
Baba and his assaulting the deceased is absent in the FIR and in the
examination-in-chief. This is a glaring event which should have been
mentioned by her. Unfortunately, learned Sessions Judge has at one place
wrongly observed in his judgment that in the FIR names of A1-Anil, A2-Ashok
and A3-Baba have been mentioned as persons who had caused the death of the
deceased. At other place he has observed to the contrary. This mistake is
not noted by the High Court. If PW-3 Meena had merely referred to A3-Baba
in the cross-examination, her non-mentioning his name in the FIR and in the
examination-in-chief would not have assumed much significance. But, she
has refused to give any role to A1-Anil and A2-Ashok in the cross-
examination in the actual assault on the deceased. There is also no
statement in the FIR that the other accused assaulted the deceased.
Surprisingly, little later, this witness stated that it is not true that A3-
Baba assaulted the deceased. As already noted, she has given a specific
role to A4-Kishor in the examination-in-chief that he assaulted the
deceased. But, his name is not there in the FIR. She stated that A1-Anil
had a gupti. Her story in the FIR and in examination-in-chief is that he
had a knife.
8. In view of the above, in our opinion, the evidence of PW3-Meena does
not inspire confidence. It is unsafe to make allowance for the
discrepancies and improvements made by her in her evidence. It is true
that being wife of the deceased, she is the most natural witness. But,
after reading her evidence, we feel that she has not come out with the
whole truth. We feel that the unvarnished truth is not placed before us
either by the prosecution or by the defence. As earlier noted by us, in
the FIR she has only referred to A1-Anil, A2-Ashok and A5-Shankar. In the
examination-in-chief she has referred to these three persons and A4-Kishor.
In cross-examination her version has drastically changed. At the cost of
repetition it must be stated that she, for the first time, referred to A3-
Baba, who was murdered during the trial. She stated that A1-Anil, A2-Ashok
and A3-Baba only brought the deceased out and A3-Baba assaulted the
deceased along with others. Thus, so far as assault on the deceased is
concerned, in the cross-examination she specifically excluded A1-Anil and
A2-Ashok and pointed a finger at A3-Baba and other accused. In the cross-
examination, she does not state that A1-Anil and A2-Ashok assaulted the
deceased.
9. It is pertinent to note that learned Sessions Judge acquitted the
accused of the offence punishable under Sections 147 and 148 of the IPC and
observed that as per the prosecution case there were only three persons at
the spot that is A1-Anil, A2-Ashok and A5-Shankar.
He observed that the
prosecution has failed to prove that all the accused were members of the
unlawful assembly and in prosecution of their common object they committed
murder of the deceased.
All the accused were acquitted of the offence
under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC.
As no overt act was
attributed to A4-Kishor, A5-Shankar and A6-Mayabai, he acquitted them of
offence punishable under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC.
The
appellants A1-Anil and A2-Ashok were convicted for the offence punishable
under Section 302 of the IPC with the aid of Section 34 thereof.
Now, the
question is
whether the version given by PW3-Meena in the FIR
that A1-Anil and A2-Ashok assaulted the deceased is to be accepted or
whether the version given by her in the examination-in-chief that A1-Anil,
A2-Ashok, A4-Kishor and A5-Shankar assaulted the deceased has to be
accepted or
whether the version given by her in the cross-examination that
A1-Anil and A2-Ashok only dragged the deceased out in the courtyard along
with A3-Baba and A3-Baba assaulted the deceased with others is to be
accepted.
When there is such a great variance in her versions, we find it
risky to convict the accused on the basis of such evidence.
If her
version in the FIR and examination-in-chief is to be accepted, then A5-
Shankar could have been convicted with the aid of Section 34 of the IPC.
But, he has been acquitted. If the version given in the cross-examination
that A1-Anil and A2-Ashok only dragged the deceased out and A3-Baba
assaulted the deceased is to be accepted, then, it is necessary to examine
whether they shared common intention with A3-Baba to commit murder of the
deceased.
It is possible that they did share common intention with A3-
Baba.
It is equally possible that they did not.
If A1-Anil and A2-Ashok
merely dragged the deceased and they had no intention to kill the deceased,
they may be guilty of a lesser offence.
It appears that unfortunately, this
aspect was not examined properly by learned Sessions Judge because during
the pendency of the case, A3-Baba was murdered and could not be tried.
At
this stage, in the absence of evidence, it is not possible for us to make
out a new case.
The prosecution case is, therefore, not free from doubt.
Undoubtedly, the evidence on record creates a strong suspicion about
involvement of A1-Anil and A2-Ashok, but, it is not sufficient to prove
their involvement in the offence of murder beyond doubt.
It is well
settled that suspicion, however strong, cannot take the place of proof.
Clear and unimpeachable evidence is necessary to convict a person.
We find
that such evidence is absent in this case.
The prosecution cannot rely on
the evidence of discovery of weapons at the instance of A1-Anil and A2-
Ashok because the panchas have turned hostile.
In order to have the
evidence of an independent witness on record, the prosecution examined PW-7
Shashikala, but, she turned hostile.
Similarly, another witness PW-4
Ramesh Kale also turned hostile.
Therefore, there is no other evidence on
record which can support the prosecution case.
In any case, there is no
question of seeking corroboration to the evidence of PW-3 Meena because her
evidence itself does not inspire confidence. It must be remembered that on
the same evidence, A4-Kishor, A5-Shankar and A6-Mayabai have been
acquitted. In the circumstances, we are of the opinion that benefit of
doubt will have to be given to A1-Anil and A2-Ashok.
10. In the result, the appeal is allowed. Impugned judgment and order is
quashed and set aside. The appellants Anil s/o. Shamrao Sute and Ashok
s/o. Motiram Kudewal are in jail. They are directed to be released from
custody forthwith unless they are required in some other case.
……………………………………………..J.
(AFTAB ALAM)
……………………………………………..J.
(RANJANA PRAKASH DESAI)
NEW DELHI,
JANUARY 24, 2013.
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[1] (2007) 10 SCC 770
