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REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION
CONTEMPT PETITION (CIVIL) NO.320 OF 2009
IN
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.926 OF 2006
NATIONAL FERTILIZERS LTD. …
PETITIONER/
APPELLANT
VERSUS
TUNCAY ALANKUS & ANR. …RESPONDENTS
J U D G M E N T
Aftab Alam, J.
1. This petition is filed under Article 129 of the Constitution of India
read with Order XLVII of the Supreme Court Rules, 1966 and rule 3(C) of
the Rules to regulate proceedings for Contempt of the Supreme Court, 1975
making the prayer to punish respondent No.1 for withdrawing a very large
sum of money from his bank account in a Swiss bank in violation of this
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Court’s orders dated September 4, 2006 and December 14, 2006.
As a matter
of fact, by an earlier order passed by the Court on April 1, 2010, in course of
the proceedings of the case, respondent No.1 has actually been held guilty of
contempt of court; it is a brief order, wherein Paragraphs 6 & 7, the Court
observed and held as follows:
“6. For the allegations made in the contempt petition, a
notice had been issued to the contemnor. In the notices it
was specifically mentioned that the charge against him is
that he has violated the order of this Court dated
4.9.2006. In fact, the respondent No.1-contemnor has
filed his reply thereto. However, from a perusal of the
reply filed by the contemnor it is clear that he has not
denied the allegation of the petitioner that he has
withdrawn money by flouting the order of this Court
dated 4.9.2006.
7. From the above discussion, we are satisfied that there
is sufficient material on the record to suggest that
contemnor- respondent No. 1 has committed contempt of
Court. Therefore, we hold the contemnor guilty of
Contempt of Court.”
2. On that date, however, the Court did not give any punishment to the
respondent but directed the case to be listed on April 12, 2010 for passing
the sentence on the contempt, observing further that, in the meanwhile, if the
contemnor deposited the amount withdrawn from the bank, the Court might
consider recalling the order passed on that date.
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3. The respondent did not deposit the amount allegedly withdrawn by
him from the bank account but on April 6, 2010 filed a petition for recall of
the order holding him guilty of contempt of court.
He took the plea that the
order dated April 1, 2010 was based on the incorrect premise that in the
reply to the contempt petition filed by him, he did not deny the allegation
that he had made withdrawals from his bank account by flouting the Court’s
order dated September 4, 2006. He pointed out that in the reply petition, he
had clearly and repeatedly said that he had not withdrawn any money from
his bank account after the orders of this Court, dated September 4, 2006 and
December 14, 2006 and he reiterated that statement in the petition for recall
of the order.
4. After that, the case was heard on a number of dates and was finally
taken up on July 17, 2012 when the matter was practically heard all over
again also on the question whether or not the respondent had committed
contempt of court by withdrawing money from his bank account in the
Swiss bank in violation of the Court’s orders dated September 4, 2006 and
December 14, 2006.
5. The relevant facts necessary to appreciate the respective contentions
made on behalf of the parties may be stated thus. The petitioner, National
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Fertilizers Ltd., is a company registered under the provisions of the
Companies Act owned and controlled by the GOI.
6. Karsan Danismanlik Turizm Sanayi Ve Ticaret Limited STI
(hereinafter: Karsan) is a Turkish company.
The respondent, Tuncay
Alankus was the manager of Karsan with individual signature and one Cihan
Karanci (not a party to this proceeding) was his deputy manager and
counselor. Both Alankus and Karanci were the beneficiaries of Karsan.
7. The petitioner company entered into an agreement, dated November
9, 1995 with Karsan, which presented itself as a producer of urea. The
contract was for supply of two lakh metric tons of urea, 46 N fertilizer at a
price of US$ 190 per metric ton. The total value of the contract was US$
38,000,000. In terms of the contract, the petitioner company was to pay to
Karsan the full contract value in advance by way of two remittances i.e., (1)
US$ 380,000 towards insurance premium before entering into the contract
and (2) US$ 37,620,000 towards cost of urea after entering into the contract.
8. On November 22, 1995, three bank accounts in the names of Karsan,
Alankus and Karanci were opened with Pictet and Cie Bank (hereinafter:
Pictet) in Geneva. The form for opening the account of Karsan indicated that
Alankus and Karanci as the beneficial owners.
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9. The three freshly opened accounts were numbered as (i) Account No.
91923, (ii) Account No. 91924 and (iii) Account No. 91925. In this case, we
are concerned with the operations in Alankus’s account number 91925 with
Pictet.
10. On November 23, 1995, Karsan asked the petitioner company to wire
the sale price of urea on its account, opened with Pictet. On November 29,
1995, the amount US$37,620,000 was paid by the petitioner company on
that account.
11. On November 30, 1995, the account of Karsan was debited and the
sum of US$ 28,100,000 was transferred to the account of Alankus (Account
No. 91925) with Pictet; from that amount, the sum of US$12,500,000 was
split between November 30, 1995 and May 20, 1996, on the accounts of
Alankus, his daughter and Cihan Karanci in banks in Ankara, Almaty and
Geneva.
12. Despite making full payment of the contract money, the petitioner did
not receive a single grain of urea and it later came to light that the insurance
cover taken out in connection with the contract did not provide any
protection against the loss suffered by the petitioner. Enquiries were made
in India and on May 28, 1996, the CBI lodged a first information report
under section 120B read with sections 409/420 of the Penal Code and
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section 13(2) read with section 7/11/13(1)(c) and (d) of the Prevention of
Corruption Act, 1988 against a number of accused, including Cihan Karanci
and Tuncay Alankus respondent No.1 (as accused No. 11).
13. In connection with the criminal case, Alankus and Karanci were
arrested in Geneva on September 16, 1996 and were extradited to India on
October 3, 1997. On being brought to India, both the accused were
remanded to judicial custody and after several years of custody Alankus was
released on bail subject to the condition that he would not leave Delhi.
14. In the trial of the case, after the prosecution had led its evidence and
Alankus was also examined under section 313 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure, a petition was submitted on his behalf for examining 63 persons,
living in 10 different countries, through video-conferencing, as defence
witnesses. The trial court by order, dated October 11, 2004 gave permission
for examination of only 6 out of the 63 witnesses. Against the order of the
trial court, Alankus filed criminal revision No.126 of 2005 before the Delhi
High Court on which the High Court by order dated July 14, 2005 allowed
him to examine, in addition to the 6 witnesses allowed by the trial court, 21
more witnesses, of whom a list was placed on record before the High Court,
at the expense of the State.
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15. Against the order of the Delhi High Court, two special leave petitions
came to this Court. One, being SLP (Criminal) No.6291 of 2005 was filed
by the CBI and the other, SLP (Criminal) No.13 of 2006, was filed by the
present petitioner. The petitioner in its SLP also moved an application
making the prayer for a direction to respondent No.1 (Tuncay Alankus) “to
furnish an undertaking to the effect that he will not withdraw any portion of
the defrauded amount identified and lying in foreign jurisdiction in general
and Geneva and Monaco in particular.
16. Both the aforesaid special leave petitions were tagged together and on
August 21, 2006 during the hearing of the SLPs, the Court enquired from the
counsel appearing for respondent No.1 whether he was willing to give an
undertaking that he would not withdraw the money from his Swiss bank
account. The counsel appearing for the respondent asked for a short
adjournment to take instructions regarding the undertaking asked for by the
Court and the SLPs were, therefore, directed to be listed on September 4,
2006.
17. On September 3, 2006, the respondent communicated to his lawyer
Miss Seema Juneja in writing, stating that he had been in jail for about 7.5
years and after release on bail, under one of the conditions of the bail, he
was not permitted to leave Delhi. His request for permission to travel abroad
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and meet his advocates for consultation had been declined. Therefore, he
could not get any information. He further stated in the communication to his
lawyer that he had asked Pictet bank for information by fax but he had not
received any response. Referring further to the various kinds of proceedings
going before the Swiss courts, he requested his lawyer to inform the
Supreme Court that he was in India for 10 years and he had no access to his
accounts in Switzerland and to submit before the Court that the matter had
already been decided after lapse of 10 years (sic). He had not received any
reply and he was waiting for further instructions.
18. On September 4, 2006 this Court was informed about the response of
the respondent in regard to the undertaking sought for from him and on that
date this Court passed the following order:-
“Instead of giving an undertaking, learned counsel has
produced before us a letter dated 3rd September, 2006, said to
have been written by the respondent to his advocate, Ms. Seema
Juneja, trying, inter alia, to say that he is in India for ten years
and has no access to his accounts in Switzerland. It is stated
that, in view of what is stated in this letter, the respondent is not
in a position to give an undertaking, as noticed in the order
dated 21st August, 2006. Be that as it may, we grant leave and
expedite the hearing of the appeals which shall be listed for
hearing within a period of three months. All the parties agree
that the appeal be heard on the existing record. Additional
documents, if any, may be filed within two weeks.
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Pending disposal of the appeals, the order of stay granted by
this Court on 2nd January, 2006, will continue to operate.
However, the trial can go on and the respondent, if so advised,
can produce such witnesses which have been allowed by the
order of this Special Judge. We restrain the respondent from
withdrawing the amounts from the accounts in Swiss Bank
till the decision of these appeals.”
(emphasis added)
19. The special leave petitions were finally allowed by order, dated
December 14, 2006 by which this Court set aside the order of the High Court
and remanded the matter for a fresh consideration by the High Court. While
concluding the judgment, this Court made the following direction:
“The interim order dated 4.9.2006 is made absolute to the
effect that the respondent is restrained from withdrawing
the amount from the accounts in Swiss Bank till the decision
of the matter. The appeals are allowed accordingly.”
(emphasis added)
20. This contempt petition is filed alleging violation of the aforementioned two orders, dated September 4, 2006 and December 14, 2006.
21. Let us now take a look at some of the connected proceedings in
Switzerland. On June 19, 1996, the petitioner was able to obtain a criminal
attachment order against the three accounts in Pictet, including account
No.91925 in the name of Tuncay Alankus. However, the criminal
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attachment order was defreezed on April 1, 2003 as the trial was not
concluded within one year and Alankus was not freed on bail during that
period as per the terms stipulated by the Swiss authorities.
22. Besides the criminal attachment, dated June 19, 1996, the petitioner
was also able to obtain the civil attachment of the three bank accounts in
question on October 3, 2000 from the Court of First Instance, Geneva.
23. On September 30, 2002, Pictet and Cie Bank, Geneva, informed the
Federal Department of Justice and Police, Geneva, as follows:-
“Please share below the total balance of the sued
accounts.
Their credits (value on 30.09.2002) are as
follows:-
Account No.91923 owner Karsan Ltd. – US$
232,253/-
Account No.91924 owner Mr. Cihan Karanci –
US$ 394,757/-
Account No.91925 owner Mr. Tuncay Alankus –
US$10,763,412.”
24. The civil attachment order dated October 3, 2000 became inoperative
on June 1, 2006 when the petitioner lost its appeal in Swiss Supreme Court.
And it was presumably for that reason that the stay petition was filed by the
petitioner in SLP(criminal) No.13 of 2006 which was apparently on an
altogether different issue. Nonetheless, this Court deemed fit to pass the
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order dated September 4, 2006 prohibiting respondent No.1 from
withdrawing any money from the accounts in Swiss bank.
25. On September 9, 2006, the advocate of the petitioner sent a copy of
the order dated September 4, 2006 passed by this Court to Pictet which was
received by Pictet on September 21, 2006.
26. On December 12, 2006, the petitioner’s Swiss lawyer applied for
attachment in respect of the amounts lying in Pictet including the amount
lying in the accounts of respondent No.1.
27. On December 15, 2006, the Court of the First Instance at Geneva
granted attachment in favour of the petitioner against respondent No.1 and
others in respect of the amount lying in Pictet. Pictet acknowledged the
Sequestration order sent by the petitioner’s Swiss attorneys vide its
communication dated, December 20, 2006 which is as under:
Concerns: sequestration no. 06 070 321 Z-C/30199/06
Dear Sir,
We acknowledge receipt of your mail dated 15 December 2006
and have taken good note of its contents.
Remaining at your disposal and with regards.
For PICTET & CIE
Signature”
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28. Apparently this attachment too lapsed and finally on March 4, 2009,
the petitioner’s Swiss lawyer obtained a fresh attachment order from the
Court of First Instance, Geneva, but on March 9, 2009 Pictet informed the
Debts Collection Office at Geneva that they do not hold any assets, inter
alia, on behalf of respondent No.1.
29. On April 23, 2009, the Debts Collection Office at Geneva forwarded
the letter dated March 9, 2009 of Pictet to the Swiss Attorneys of the
petitioner and, completely surprised by the bank’s response. the petitioner
filed this contempt petition on August 26, 2009.
30. Mr. Gourab Banerjee, learned Additional Solicitor General appearing
for the petitioner strongly argued that respondent No.1 had withdrawn a
huge sum of money amounting to US$10,763,412 from his account
No.91925 with Pictet in brazen violation of this Court’s prohibitory orders,
dated September 4, 2006 and December 12, 2006 and he is, therefore, liable
to be given the most stringent punishment.
31. At first sight the conduct of the respondent may indeed appear
contumacious but, a careful scrutiny of the material facts makes it clear that
respondent No.1 cannot really be held guilty of contempt.
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32. It may be recalled here that on November 21, 2011 on hearing counsel
for the parties, this Court had passed the following order:-
“Mr. Shanti Bhushan, senior advocate appearing for the
contemnor - Tuncay Alankus, stated that on September 04,
2006, when this Court passed the interim order of
injunction against his client (which was later confirmed by
order dated December 14, 2006), there was no money in his
account No. 91925 with the PICTET & CIE Bank, Geneva.
There is, therefore, no question of any withdrawals from that
account after that date in violation of the court's orders.
In support of the statement, Mr. Bhushan placed great
reliance on the decision of the Swiss Supreme Court dated June
01, 2006.
The decision of the Swiss Supreme Court indeed
takes note of the fact that on November 29, 1995, the petitioner
(National Fertilizers Limited) paid a sum of $3,76,20,000 into
Account No. 91923 held by Karsan Danismanlik Turizm Sanayi
Ve Ticaret Limited STI (shortly known as 'Karsan').
It then
goes on to give a break up of the aforesaid sum of
$3,76,20,000 from which, on the following day, i.e.
on November 30, 1995, a sum of $2,81,00,000 was
transferred to the contemnor's personal account No. 91925.
From the Swiss Court decision, it is not clear that on the
date this Court passed the injunction order restraining the
contemnor from withdrawing any amount from his account, the
account was already bereft of any money.
Mr. Bhushan also relied upon a Certificate issued by the
Bank, according to which the account in question was closed on
July 25, 2006.
Mr. Gourab Banerjee, Additional Solicitor General
appearing for the petitioner, submitted that on the date this
Court passed the interim order against the contemnor, there was
substantial money in his account. In support of this averment,
he referred to the order dated June 24, 1996 passed by the
Special Judge, Delhi, granting bail to the contemnor and a
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certificate dated September 30, 2002 issued by the Bank (a
copy of which is at Annexure P-3 of the Contempt Petition).
On the basis of the materials so far produced before us,
we are not satisfied and we find it difficult to hold with any
conviction that on the date the interim order of injunction was
passed against the contemnor, there was, in fact, no money in
his account with the PICTET& CIE, Geneva.
However, one thing is clear from the decision of the Swiss
Court; that is, on November 30, 1995, a sum
of $2,81,00,000 was credited to the contemnor's
personal account from the amount deposited by the petitioner in
the account of Karsan.
We would like to see the bank statement of
the contemnor's Account No. 91925 held with PICTET & CIE
Bank from November 30, 1995 till the date of the closure of the
account on July 25, 2006 to see the inflow and outflow of
money from that account.
Mr. Bhushan prays for some time for producing the bank
statement. As prayed by him, put up after six weeks.
Let a copy of this order be given to the counsel for the
contemnor.”
33. In pursuance of the aforesaid order, respondent No.1 has filed an
affidavit enclosing a copy of the bank statement certified by Pictet and Cie
bank, Geneva. From the bank statement it appears that the entire amount in
account No.91925 was withdrawn by June 21, 2006 and on that date, the
balance had become nil. The bank has also issued a certificate dated
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September 13, 2010 stating that account No.91925 was closed in their books
on July 25, 2006.
34. Mr. Banerjee submitted that no reliance could be placed on the bank
statement and the number of affidavits filed on behalf of respondent No.1.
He referred to the acknowledgement made by Pictet bank on September 30,
2002 according to which, on that date, a sum of US$10,763,412 was lying in
account No.91925 of Tuncay Alankus. Mr. Banerjee submitted that the
aforesaid amount must have remained in the account until June 1, 2006, the
date on which the Swiss Supreme Court dismissed the appeal preferred by
the petitioner. Further, Pictet in its communication of January 8, 2007 had
clearly acknowledged the sequestration order and had assured that it had
taken good note of its contents. It is, therefore, not possible to believe that
the account had come to nil on June 21, 2006 and it was closed on July 25,
2006.
35. In the letter of Pictet dated January 8, 2007, a copy of which is
enclosed as Annexure P15 (collectively) the debtor’s name is given as
“Karsanrizm”; further, the letter does not state that on that date account No.
91925 in the name Alankus was alive and was bearing some amount.
Moreover, the bank is not a party to the present proceedings and, therefore,
we would not like to make any comment on the conduct of the bank. But on
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the materials produced before us, it is very difficult to hold the respondent
guilty of contempt and to punish him for committing contempt of court.
36. From the facts stated above, it is clear that the attachment against the
respondent’s account was lifted on June 1, 2006 when the Swiss Supreme
Court dismissed the petitioner’s appeal and the petitioner was able to obtain
the next attachment order only on December 15, 2006. There was, thus, a
period of slightly over six months when there was no attachment order in
respect of the account and according to the bank’s statement, the amount
was withdrawn on June 21, 2006 (i.e. , twenty days after the attachment
order was lifted) and the account was closed on July 25, 2006. It is, thus,
clear that on September 4, 2006 when this Court passed the order prohibiting
respondent No.1 from withdrawing any money from the account there was
actually no money in the account. That being the position, there could be no
question of committing any violation of this Court’s order by respondent
No.1.
37. Mr. Banerjee referred to the many affidavits filed by respondent No. 1
and submitted that in those affidavits he has been taking inconsistent stands.
It is true that the respondent has filed as many as eight affidavits and in all
those affidavits his position does not appear to be completely consistent.
But, it must be recalled that as far back as in September, 2006 and long
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before this contempt proceeding commenced, the respondent had instructed
his counsel to submit before this Court, that he was not permitted to leave
Delhi for the past ten years and since he was not getting any response from
the Swiss banks, he was not aware of the state of his affairs in Switzerland
and was, therefore, unable to give the undertaking as asked for by this Court.
Moreover, any inconsistencies in the stand of the respondent before this
Court coupled with the ambiguities in the communications from Pictet may
give rise to a suspicion of wrong doing. But without anything else we find it
very difficult to hold the respondent guilty of contempt of court on the
definite charge that he withdrew a very large amount from his account in
Pictet in violation of the orders of this Court.
38. In Sahdeo alias Sahdeo Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh and others1
,
this Court after referring to a number of earlier decisions, in paragraph 19 of
the judgment, observed as under:-
“In S. Abdul Karim v. M.K. Prakash, Chhotu Ram v.
Urvashi Gulati, Anil Ratan Sarkar v. Hirak Ghosh, Daroga
Singh v. B.K. Pandey and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra
Kazhagam v. L.K. Tripathi, this Court held that burden and
standard of proof in contempt proceedings being quasi-criminal
in nature, is the standard of proof required in criminal
proceedings, for the reason that contempt proceedings are quasi
criminal in nature.”
1
(2010) 3 SCC 705
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39. In Chhotu Ram v. Urvashi Gulati and another2
, this Court in
paragraph 2 and 3 of the judgment held as under:-
“2. As regards the burden and standard of proof, the
common legal phraseology “he who asserts must prove” has its
due application in the matter of proof of the allegations said to
be constituting the act of contempt. As regards the “standard of
proof”, be it noted that a proceeding under the extraordinary
jurisdiction of the court in terms of the provisions of the
Contempt of Courts Act is quasi-criminal, and as such, the
standard of proof required is that of a criminal proceeding and
the breach shall have to be established beyond all reasonable
doubt.
3. Lord Denning (in Bramblevale Ltd., Re) lends
concurrence to the aforesaid and the same reads as below: (All
ER pp. 1063H-1064 C).
“A contempt of court is an offence of a
criminal character. A man may be sent to prison
for it. It must be satisfactorily proved. To use the
time-honoured phrase, it must be proved beyond
reasonable doubt. It is not proved by showing that,
when the man was asked about it, he told lies.
There must be some further evidence to
incriminate him. Once some evidence is given,
then his lies can be thrown into the scale against
him. But there must be some other evidence….
Where there are two equally consistent
possibilities open to the court, it is not right to hold
that the offence is proved beyond reasonable
doubt.”
40. Mr. Banerjee submitted that a charge of contempt may also be
established on preponderance of circumstances and in support of the
2
(2001) 7 SCC 530
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submission he relied upon a decision of this Court in Rajendra Sail v. M.P.
High Court Bar Association and others3
.
41. We have gone through the decision relied upon by Mr. Banerjee and
we find that in Rajendra Sail, the Court held the contemnor guilty on the
basis of “preponderant circumstances”. In other words, all the
circumstances taken together led to the unimpeachable finding of the
contemnor’s guilt. But that is not to say that in Rajendra Sail this Court
relaxed or diluted the standard or degree of proof to establish the guilt of
contempt.
42. In the case in hand on taking into account all the circumstances as
discussed above, we are of the view that it would not be wholly reasonable
to hold that the respondent withdrew large amounts from his account with
Pictet in violation of this Court’s orders.
43. For the reasons discussed above, we hold that the respondent cannot
be held guilty of contempt.
44. Coming back to the order, dated April 1, 2010 by which this Court
held that the respondent had withdrawn money from his account with Pictet
by flouting the orders of this Court, it is to be noted that that order is
founded on the premise that the respondent had not denied the allegation
made by the petitioner against him. It is, however, to be noted that the
3
(2005) 6 SCC 109 at paragraph 45
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respondent in his reply to the contempt petition filed on March 3, 2010 had
stated in paragraph 2 (XIV) as under:
“The Respondent takes liberty for reiterating that he has
not withdrawn any amount in spite of (sic.) the order passed by
this Hon’ble Court.”
45. The order dated April 1, 2010, was, thus, clearly based on an
erroneous premise of fact. It is, accordingly, recalled.
46. For the reasons discussed above, we find no merit in the contempt
petition. It is dismissed.
……………………….J.
(Aftab Alam)
……………………….J.
(Ranjana Prakash Desai)
New Delhi;
April 2, 2013.
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