? REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.878 of 2010
Rohtash …..Appellant
Versus
State of Haryana …..
Respondent
JUDGMENT
Dr. B.S. CHAUHAN, J.
1. This criminal appeal has been filed against the judgment and
order dated 11.1.2007 passed by the High Court of Punjab & Haryana at
Chandigarh in Criminal Appeal No. 146-DB of 1994, wherein the High
Court has reversed the judgment and order of the Sessions Court in
Session Case No. 44 of 1989 dated 3.8.1993, by which the appellant has
been acquitted of the charges under Sections 304-B and 498-A of the
Indian Penal Code, 1860 (hereinafter referred as `IPC’).
2. Facts and circumstances giving rise to this appeal are that:
A. On 4.7.1989 at 8.00 p.m., Jiwan (PW.1) made a statement
(Ext.PC) before the police at Rohtak Chowk, Kharkohda to the effect
that his daughter Indro, aged about 21 years, was married to appellant
Rohtash about one year back and in the said marriage he had given
sufficient dowry according to his capacity. However, her husband and
parents-in-law were not satisfied with the dowry. They always made
taunts for not bringing sufficient dowry. His son-in-law made various
demands and the complainant had to give him a sum of Rs.10,000/-. He
had received information through Gopi Chand and Ram Kishan that his
daughter had died by consuming poisonous tablets and her dead body had
been cremated in the morning. On the basis of the said statement, FIR
was recorded in P.S. Kharkhoda on 14.7.1989 at about 8.10 p.m. under
Sections 304, 201 and 498-A of the IPC. S.I. Inder Lal accompanied
Jiwan, complainant (PW.1) to village Mandora and went to the house of
the accused persons. The accused persons, namely, Smt. Brahmo Devi,
Rajbir and Dharampal were found present. He made the inquiries from
them and, thereafter, came back to the police station and added the
offence under Section 304-B IPC. The said accused as well as the
appellant were arrested. The I.O. went to the cremation ground and
took into possession the ashes and bones in presence of Jiwan (PW.1),
complainant and other witnesses and after putting them under sealed
cover sent the same for FSL report. He lifted broken pieces of glass
bangles and prepared a recovery memo in presence of the witnesses. He
further recorded the statement of witnesses under Section 161 of Code
of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter called Cr.P.C.). After
completing the investigation, the I.O. submitted the chargesheet and
trial commenced for the offences under Section 304-B and 498-A IPC.
B. The prosecution in support of its case examined Jiwan (PW.1)
complainant, Suresh (PW.2), Fateh Singh (PW.3), Inder Lal (PW.4) and
other formal witnesses, however, gave up certain witnesses like Gopi
Chand on the apprehension that he had been won over by the accused
persons.
C. Under Section 313 Cr.P.C., the accused made the statement that
they had been falsely implicated in the case. Appellant was leading a
happy married life and never ill-treated his wife for not bringing
enough dowry. Deceased was suffering from fits, as a result of which
she died. Accused persons had informed her parents through Rajbir
accused and cremation was done after arrival of Jiwan (PW.1)
complainant and his other relatives.
D. After appreciating the evidence and considering the documents
on record, the trial court reached the conclusion that there were
material inconsistencies in the depositions of Jiwan (PW.1),
complainant, Suresh (PW.2) and Fateh Singh (PW.3), particularly on the
issue of demand of dowry as they could not exactly point out the amount
of demand and payment. Suresh (PW.2), though deposed that he had
purchased the house of the complainant for a sum of Rs.12,000/-,
however, no document could be produced in respect of the same as land
under the house belonged to Wakf Board. The prosecution case has been
that the complainant has been forced to sell his house to meet the
demand of dowry.
The trial court also drew adverse inference for withholding
material witnesses, particularly, Gopi Chand who had informed the
complainant about the death of his daughter. The trial court vide
judgment and order dated 3.8.1993 acquitted all the accused persons of
all the charges.
3. Aggrieved, the State preferred Criminal Appeal No. 146-DB of
1994 before the High Court. The High Court reappreciated the entire
evidence and came to conclusion that there was nothing on record to
show that Indro, deceased, died of fits; no medical evidence had been
produced to show that she had been suffering from fits. There was
sufficient evidence on record to show demand of dowry by the appellant
from his father-in-law. The appellant had been making taunts and
caused torture to the deceased on the ground of inadequate dowry. The
demand by the appellant had been fully supported by Suresh (PW.2) who
purchased the house of the complainant for a sum of Rs.12,000/-. Indro
died within a period of one and a half years of marriage. The High
Court convicted the appellant under Section 304-B IPC and imposed the
punishment of 7 years rigorous imprisonment, further under Section 498-
A IPC imposed the punishment of six months RI. In respect of other
persons the order of acquittal passed by the trial court was
maintained.
Hence, this appeal.
4. Shri K.K. Kaul, learned counsel appearing for the appellant,
has submitted that there has been no demand of dowry by the appellant.
The High Court did not appreciate the evidence in correct perspective.
There had been material contradictions in the deposition of the
prosecution witnesses. Suresh (PW.2) could not purchase the house of
the complainant as admittedly the land belonged to the Wakf Board and
no document had ever been produced in the court to show the sale.
Fateh Singh (PW.3) has no direct relationship with the family. He has
supported the prosecution case merely because he belonged to the
village of the complainant. Appellant had furnished a satisfactory
explanation while making his statement under Section 313 Cr.P.C., thus,
the appeal deserves to be allowed.
5. Per contra, Shri Sanjiv, learned counsel appearing for Shri
Kamal Mohan Gupta, Advocate, for the State, has vehemently opposed the
appeal, contending that the Indro, deceased, died within a short span
of one and a half years of her marriage. No evidence has been produced
by the appellant to show that she had been suffering from fits. There
has been persistent demand of dowry as stood proved from the
depositions of Jiwan (PW.1), Suresh (PW.2) and Fateh Singh (PW.3),
thus, appeal lacks merit and is liable to be dismissed.
6. We have considered the rival submission made by learned counsel
for the parties and perused the records.
It may be pertinent to make reference to the relevant part of the
deposition of witnesses. Jiwan (PW.1), complainant, deposed that her
daughter had complained against the ill-treatment given to her by her
husband, his parents and his elder brother Rajbir; they even taunted
her that she belonged to “Bhukha-Nanga” family and that her father had
not given adequate dowry. Rohtash accused also visited him and asked
him to give Rs. 10,000/- so that he could settle himself in some
business. Six months after the marriage, he gave Rs.10,000/- to
Rohtash accused after selling his house. Her in-laws still continued
to ill-treat her and raised a further demand of Rs.5,000/- on the
pretext that they wanted to settle Rajbir, elder brother of Rohtash,
in some business. On the fateful day of incident, Gopi Chand and Ram
Kishan of Village Mandora came to him and told that his daughter Indro
had consumed poisonous tablets and died.
He was confronted with his statement under Section 161 Cr.P.C. in
respect of demand of Rs.10,000/- by appellant Rohtash as no such fact
had been stated by him to the I.O. Even for the demand of Rs.5,000/-
for Rajbir, he was confronted with his statement under Section 161
Cr.P.C. as no such fact had been mentioned therein.
He was also confronted with his statement under Section 161
Cr.P.C. as he had not stated before the I.O. that he had been informed
about the death of his daughter by Gopi Chand and Ram Kishan.
Regarding the sale of the house to Suresh (PW.2), he has admitted that
land belonged to the Wakf Board and, therefore, he could not execute
any registered sale-deed in respect of the same.
7. Suresh (PW.2) deposed that he had purchased the house from
Jiwan (PW.1), complainant, for Rs. 12,000/-, however, no sale-deed
could be executed in his favour as the land belonged to the Wakf Board.
8. Fateh Singh (PW.3) deposed that he had been told by Jiwan
(PW.1) that he was under a great pressure to pay Rs.10,000/- to the
appellant to buy peace for his daughter and he had given Rs.10,000/-
to the appellant. He was confronted with his statement under Section
161 Cr.P.C. where he has not told the I.O. about this transaction.
9. S.I., Inder Lal (PW.6), Investigating Officer, deposed that he
went to the cremation ground and collected ashes and bones in presence
of witnesses and sent it for chemical analysis. In his cross-
examination he has stated that no independent witness was ready to
involve himself in the case becoming a prosecution witness as it was a
family matter for the accused persons.
10. So far as the statement of the appellant under Section 313
Cr.P.C. is concerned, he replied that the facts and circumstances put
to him were not correct. In reply to Question No. 10, he stated that
his wife Indro did not commit suicide and the allegation of suicide was
concocted version. In reply to para 21, he stated as under:
“The deceased Smt. Indro was leading a happy married life with
me and we never ill-treated her, much less on account of any
dowry. The deceased was suffering from fits as a result of
which she had died. We had informed the parents of the
deceased through Rajbir accused and after Jiwan P.W. and his
other relations had come to our village, we had cremated the
dead body of the deceased in their presence in our village.
There was no question of our demanding any dowry, much less ill-
treating the deceased on that account because our financial
position is very sound.”
11. The aforesaid depositions make it crystal clear that the
version given by the prosecution witnesses regarding demand of
Rs.10,000/- by the appellant did not find mention in the statement
under Section 161 Cr.P.C. of either of the witnesses. The facts
regarding the sale of house by Jiwan (PW.1) to Suresh (PW.2) does not
also inspire confidence as the land belonged to Wakf Board. More so,
the demand of Rs.5,000/- for establishment of a business of Rajbir was
made by the in-laws of the deceased Indro, and not by the appellant,
who had been acquitted by both the courts below, therefore, that issue
cannot be considered by us.
Only question remains for our consideration is as to whether there
was a dowry demand by the appellant and for that purpose the deceased
Indro had been ill-treated to the extent that she had to take a drastic
step of committing suicide.
12. This Court in Appasaheb v. State of Maharasthra, (2007) 1 SCC
721, while dealing with the similar issue and definition of the word
`dowry’ held as under:
“A demand for money on account of some financial stringency or
for meeting some urgent domestic expenses or for purchasing
manure cannot be termed as a demand for dowry as the said word
is normally understood.”
13. The aforesaid judgment was reconsidered by this Court in Bachni
Devi v. State of Maharashtra, (2011) 4 SCC 427, wherein this Court held
that the aforesaid judgment does not lay down a law of universal
application. Each case has to be decided on its own facts and merit.
If a demand for property or valuable security, directly or indirectly,
has nexus with marriage, such demand would constitute demand for dowry.
The cause of raising of such demand remains immaterial.
14. In view of above, we have to examine as to whether the demand by the
appellant for establishment of his tailoring business could be held to
be a demand for dowry and further whether for that demand, the ill-
treatment given by the appellant to his wife was so grave that she had
been driven to the extent that she has to commit suicide.
The prosecution case has been that Indro, deceased, committed
suicide by taking pills/poison. There is ample evidence on record and
it has specifically been mentioned by the prosecution witnesses,
particularly, Jiwan (PW.1), Fateh Singh (PW.3) and S.I., Inder Lal,
I.O., (PW.6), that some broken pieces of bangles had been collected by
the I.O. from the place of occurrence and broken bones and articles
were collected from the cremation site and sent for chemical analysis
to Forensic Science Laboratory. Unfortunately, none of the courts
below has taken note of the FSL report though the documents had been
marked as Ext.PH and Ext. PH1. The first document is report No. FSL(H)
dated 29.5.1990 by the Forensic Science Laboratory, Haryana, Madhuban,
Karnal, wherein the result of examination of bones and ashes is as
under:
Ext.1 – some burnt bones alongwith ash (Approximately 1 Kg.)
Result of the examination – no common metallic poison could be
detected in Ext. 1.
Ext. PH1 dated 16.8.1989 revealed that the fragments of bones in
Ext. PH1 were identified that they belonged to human individual.
The aforesaid reports do not support the case of the
prosecution, rather leans towards the defence taken by the appellant.
15. The High Court interfered with the order of acquittal recorded
by the trial court. The law of interfering with the judgment of
acquittal is well-settled. It is to the effect that only in exceptional
cases where there are compelling circumstances and the judgment in
appeal is found to be perverse, the appellate court can interfere with
the order of the acquittal. The appellate court should bear in mind the
presumption of innocence of the accused and further that the trial
court's acquittal bolsters the presumption of innocence. Interference
in a routine manner where the other view is possible should be avoided,
unless there are good reasons for interference. (Vide: State of
Rajasthan v. Talevar & Anr., AIR 2011 SC 2271; and Govindaraju @
Govinda v. State by Srirampuram Police Station & Anr., (2012) 4 SCC
722).
16. In view of above, we are of the considered opinion that in the
instant case there had been major improvements/embellishments in the
prosecution case and demand of Rs.10,000/- by the appellant does not
find mention in the statements under Section 161 Cr.P.C. More so, even
if such demand was there, it may not necessarily be a demand of dowry.
Further, the chemical analysis report falsifies the theory of suicide
by deceased taking any pills. In such a fact-situation, the defence
taken by the appellant in his statement under Section 313 Cr.P.C. could
be plausible.
Thus, appeal succeeds and is allowed. The appellant is given
the benefit of doubt and the impugned judgment of the High Court dated
11.1.2007 is set aside. The appellant is acquitted of all the charges.
………………………..J.
(Dr. B.S. CHAUHAN)
………………………..J.
(DIPAK MISRA)
New Delhi,
May 22, 2012
