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since 1985 practicing as advocate in both civil & criminal laws. This blog is only for information but not for legal opinions

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Wednesday, October 1, 2014

Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai incident - criminal cases registered against both groups - complaint to SHRC - as SHRC refused to entertain - NHRC registered the case - as such police harassing the petitioners and hoisted false cases against their organisation as they refused to withdraw their complaint before NHRC- Writ of mandamus - Apex court held that This writ petition is disposed of directing the VIIth Metropolitan Magistrate Court, George Town, Chennai to immediately take the cases on file relating to the Law College incident and expedite the trial and dispose of the cases expeditiously in accordance with law within a period of one year. The VIIth Metropolitan Magistrate shall file report regarding the progress of the cases to the High Court once in two months and we request the High Court to monitor the progress of the cases. In view of our discussion in para (21), the State of Tamilnadu would do well if it takes appropriate steps to fill up the vacancy of the Chairperson, SHRC, Tamilnadu expeditiously.= WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 400 OF 2010 K. SARAVANAN KARUPPASAMY & ANR. .Petitioners Versus STATE OF TAMILNADU & ORS. ..Respondents = 2014 - Sept. Month - http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/filename=41917

 Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai incident - criminal cases registered against both groups  - complaint to SHRC -  as SHRC refused to entertain - NHRC registered the case  - as such police harassing the petitioners and hoisted false cases against their organisation as they refused to withdraw their complaint before NHRC- Writ of mandamus -  Apex court held that This writ petition  is  disposed  of   directing  the      VIIth Metropolitan Magistrate Court, George Town, Chennai   to  immediately   take the  cases on file relating to the Law  College   incident   and    expedite the trial  and dispose of the  cases expeditiously in  accordance  with  law
within a period of one year.  The VIIth Metropolitan Magistrate  shall  file report regarding the progress of the cases to the High  Court  once  in  two months and we request the High Court to monitor the progress of  the  cases. In view of our discussion in para (21), the  State  of  Tamilnadu  would  do well  if  it  takes  appropriate  steps  to  fill  up  the  vacancy  of  the
Chairperson, SHRC, Tamilnadu expeditiously.=

writ  of  mandamus  to  initiate   an                independent
investigation  preferably  by  Central  Bureau  of  Investigation  (CBI)  or
Special  Investigation Team (SIT) into the incident  of alleged  beating  of
students of  Dr. Ambedkar Government  Law College,  Chennai  on   12.11.2008
by  some miscreants  so  that    criminal  proceedings  could  be  initiated
against  the  guilty  police   personnel  as  well  as   the  other  persons
responsible for the said incident. =

A group of  students  of  Dr.  Ambedkar  Law  College,  Chennai
belonging  to   Thevar  Community   is  said  to  have  pasted  posters  and
pamphlets inside the  college  premises  in  connection  with  the  birthday
celebrations of  Pasumpon Muthuramalingam Thevar  in which  the name of  the
law college was  printed  as  “Government  Law  College”  instead  of   “Dr.
Ambedkar Government Law College”.  Agitated Dalit Students   questioned  the
Non-Dalit Students  which  led to  wordy altercation between the two  groups
 culminating  in an untoward  incident  which  occurred  in  the  campus  of
      Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai on  12.11.2008  at  about
2.20 P.M.   Both the group  of  students  attacked  each  other  and  it  is
alleged that Non-Dalit      Students (Thevar Students) were brutally  beaten
by the other group.  Regarding the incident, criminal cases were  registered
against both the groups. Few police personnel were  suspended  on  the  same
day and a Commission of Enquiry headed by a retired  High  Court  Judge  was
also appointed which filed its report and the   same  was  accepted  by  the
State Government and some follow up action was taken. =
According to the petitioners, the  delinquent
police officials  deliberately   did  not  intervene,  only    in  order  to
appease  their political  bosses and the police personnel were negligent  in
preventing the incident.  Since there was  violation  of       human  rights
and dereliction of duty  on the part of   police  personnel  in   preventing
the incident, the petitioners tried to lodge  a  complaint  with  the  State
Human Rights       Commission (‘SHRC’), but SHRC refused  to  entertain  the
same  and  the petitioner No. 2 was  left  with no option, but   to  file  a
complaint  before the National Human Rights Commission       (‘NHRC’) and  a
case bearing  No.1492/22/13/08-09/UC  was  registered  with  NHRC.  Case  of
petitioners is that, since the  petitioners  have  filed  complaints  before
NHRC  about  the  law  college  incident,   the   petitioners   are   facing
considerable harassment at the hands of the Tamilnadu Police  and  frivolous
cases are registered against the petitioners and  their  Organisation  since
the petitioners   have refused to withdraw  the  complaint  filed  with  the
NHRC regarding the law college incident.  All the  accounts  and  properties
of the Organisation  have  been  seized   by  CB  CID  arbitrarily   without
following  proper  procedure.   The petitioners therefore  allege  that  the
investigation in the Law College incident has not been proceeded   with  all
seriousness and  the petitioners seek  independent  investigation  into  the
incident  of brutal beating  of students  of  Dr.  Ambedkar  Government  Law
College on 12.11.2008 by  an independent agency either CBI or SIT. =

In  the  Status  Report,   it  is   stated   that   office   of
Chairperson, Tamilnadu State Human Rights Commission has been lying   vacant
since 27.8.2011 due to  non-availability  of  suitable  candidates.=

We see no  reason as to why the post of Chairperson, SHRC which  is
to be headed by a person who has been the Chief  Justice  of  a  High  Court
should remain  vacant for more than three years.  In our view,  pending  the
State Government’s request for amendment  to Section 21(2)(a)   of  the  Act
which process will take long time, it will be  in  order  if  the  State  of
Taminadu  takes steps to fill up the vacancy of the post    of  Chairperson,
SHRC, Tamilnadu in terms  of  Section  21(2)(a)  by  constituting  a  Search
Committee  at an early date.

22.          So  far  as  the  grievance  of  the  petitioners  as   regards
registration of false cases against them is concerned, it is stated that  on
the complaint lodged by Reception Officer of the Circuit  House  Coimbatore,
a criminal case  has been  registered    against  the  first  petitioner  in
Crime No. 191/2009   in B4 Race  Course  Police  Station,   Coimbatore  City
under Section 420 IPC.  Organized Crime Unit (OCU) CB-CID has registered   a
case Crime No.1/2009 against the  petitioners    on  the  complaint  of  one
Krishnakumar  for the alleged act of cheating.   In both the cases,  charge-
sheets  have  been  filed   before  the  Chief  Judicial  Magistrate  Court,
Coimbatore which were taken on file  in CC 84/2010 and  83/2010.   Both  the
petitioners have  filed quash petitions under                   Section  482
Cr.P.C. before the High Court of  Madras  to  quash   the  charges   against
them in  Criminal O.P.Nos.14609 & 14610/2011 and 14611  &  14612  /2011  and
obtained interim stay  and quash  petitions  are  stated  to   be   pending.
Since the  petitioners  have  already  filed  petitions  under  Section  482
Cr.P.C., the petitioners are at liberty to   raise  all  contentions  before
the High Court in those petitions filed by them.

23.         This writ petition  is  disposed  of   directing  the      VIIth
Metropolitan Magistrate Court, George Town, Chennai   to  immediately   take
the  cases on file relating to the Law  College   incident   and    expedite
the trial  and dispose of the  cases expeditiously in  accordance  with  law
within a period of one year.  The VIIth Metropolitan Magistrate  shall  file
report regarding the progress of the cases to the High  Court  once  in  two
months and we request the High Court to monitor the progress of  the  cases.
In view of our discussion in para (21), the  State  of  Tamilnadu  would  do
well  if  it  takes  appropriate  steps  to  fill  up  the  vacancy  of  the
Chairperson, SHRC, Tamilnadu expeditiously.
2014 - Sept. Month - http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/filename=41917

                                                                 REPORTABLE


                        IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
                         CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION


                    WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 400 OF 2010


K. SARAVANAN KARUPPASAMY & ANR.               .Petitioners


                                   Versus


STATE OF TAMILNADU & ORS.                 ..Respondents



                               J U D G M E N T


R. BANUMATHI, J.



            This  writ  petition  has  been  filed   by  the     petitioners
seeking  a  writ  of  mandamus  to  initiate   an                independent
investigation  preferably  by  Central  Bureau  of  Investigation  (CBI)  or
Special  Investigation Team (SIT) into the incident  of alleged  beating  of
students of  Dr. Ambedkar Government  Law College,  Chennai  on   12.11.2008
by  some miscreants  so  that    criminal  proceedings  could  be  initiated
against  the  guilty  police   personnel  as  well  as   the  other  persons
responsible for the said incident.
2.          Brief facts which led to the  filing of the  writ  petition  are
as follows:- A group of  students  of  Dr.  Ambedkar  Law  College,  Chennai
belonging  to   Thevar  Community   is  said  to  have  pasted  posters  and
pamphlets inside the  college  premises  in  connection  with  the  birthday
celebrations of  Pasumpon Muthuramalingam Thevar  in which  the name of  the
law college was  printed  as  “Government  Law  College”  instead  of   “Dr.
Ambedkar Government Law College”.  Agitated Dalit Students   questioned  the
Non-Dalit Students  which  led to  wordy altercation between the two  groups
 culminating  in an untoward  incident  which  occurred  in  the  campus  of
      Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai on  12.11.2008  at  about
2.20 P.M.   Both the group  of  students  attacked  each  other  and  it  is
alleged that Non-Dalit      Students (Thevar Students) were brutally  beaten
by the other group.  Regarding the incident, criminal cases were  registered
against both the groups. Few police personnel were  suspended  on  the  same
day and a Commission of Enquiry headed by a retired  High  Court  Judge  was
also appointed which filed its report and the   same  was  accepted  by  the
State Government and some follow up action was taken.
3.          The petitioners  claim to be the  President   and  Secretary  of
‘World Human  Rights Commission &  Rescue Centre’ and  main  aim  of   their
organisation  is stated to be to instil  a sense of  public awareness  about
the  human rights and take  up  cases  of  gross  human  rights  violations.
Grievance of the petitioners is that though the  occurrence was in front  of
 the Law College in broad day light  and a number of police personnel   were
present, they did  not intervene to  prevent  the  clashes  and  the  police
remained  silent spectators.   According to the petitioners, the  delinquent
police officials  deliberately   did  not  intervene,  only    in  order  to
appease  their political  bosses and the police personnel were negligent  in
preventing the incident.  Since there was  violation  of       human  rights
and dereliction of duty  on the part of   police  personnel  in   preventing
the incident, the petitioners tried to lodge  a  complaint  with  the  State
Human Rights       Commission (‘SHRC’), but SHRC refused  to  entertain  the
same  and  the petitioner No. 2 was  left  with no option, but   to  file  a
complaint  before the National Human Rights Commission       (‘NHRC’) and  a
case bearing  No.1492/22/13/08-09/UC  was  registered  with  NHRC.  Case  of
petitioners is that, since the  petitioners  have  filed  complaints  before
NHRC  about  the  law  college  incident,   the   petitioners   are   facing
considerable harassment at the hands of the Tamilnadu Police  and  frivolous
cases are registered against the petitioners and  their  Organisation  since
the petitioners   have refused to withdraw  the  complaint  filed  with  the
NHRC regarding the law college incident.  All the  accounts  and  properties
of the Organisation  have  been  seized   by  CB  CID  arbitrarily   without
following  proper  procedure.   The petitioners therefore  allege  that  the
investigation in the Law College incident has not been proceeded   with  all
seriousness and  the petitioners seek  independent  investigation  into  the
incident  of brutal beating  of students  of  Dr.  Ambedkar  Government  Law
College on 12.11.2008 by  an independent agency either CBI or SIT.

4.          Upon notice, the State of Taminadu and  SHRC  have  filed  their
Status Report/response.
5.           Mr.  Prashant  Bhushan,  learned  counsel  appearing  for   the
petitioners submitted  that since the petitioners  filed complaint   against
the erring police officials  with NHRC and since petitioners   have  refused
to withdraw the complaint  filed with NHRC,  the petitioners are  constantly
 being harassed  by the State  Police  –  Organized  Crime  Unit  (OCU)  and
Crime Branch –Crime Investigation Department (CB CID) and false  cases  have
been   registered  against  the  petitioners.    Learned   counsel   further
submitted  that OCU  and CB CID police  used   all  kinds  of  third  degree
methods  and the first petitioner  was brutally  beaten   not  only  by  the
police  but also  by  rowdy  elements and  the  petitioner  and  his  family
members  underwent a great  deal  of  mental  agony,  pain  and  harassment.
Drawing our attention  to the Status Report  filed  by  the  State,  learned
counsel submitted that in the departmental proceedings, the  erring   police
officials have been   let off either with ‘censure’  or  nominal  punishment
and the matter has not been proceeded with all seriousness and  urged   that
the investigation  of the Law  College incident  on  12.11.2008   be  handed
over to CBI or SIT.
6.          Mr. Subramanium  Prasad,  Learned  Additional  Advocate  General
appearing for the State of Tamilnadu    had  taken  us  through  the  Status
Report  filed  by  the  State   and  submitted   that  criminal  cases  were
registered against both the groups  of students and  accepting   the  report
of  One  Man  Commission,  the  State  Government   initiated   departmental
proceedings against the police personnel and punishments were  also  imposed
on them.  It was  submitted that criminal  cases are registered against  the
 petitioners and they are charge sheeted  for the offence  of  cheating  and
other offences and petitioners with malafide intention are  linking the  law
college incident  as the cause for registration of  criminal  cases  against
the petitioners by the police and such an allegation is baseless.
7.          We have also heard Mr. K. Subramanian,  learned  Senior  Counsel
appearing for the intervener/impleaded respondent - K. Armstrong and Mr.  R.
Balasubramanian, learned Senior Counsel  appearing for SHRC.
8.           Grievance  of  the  petitioners   is  two-fold:-  (i)   alleged
inaction  or nominal action of the State  and the police and  SHRC   on  the
Law College incident  on 12.11.2008 and need  for  an  investigation  by  an
independent  agency   like  CBI  and   (ii)   alleged  harassment   of   the
petitioners by the police  and  registration  of  false  cases  against  the
petitioners.
9.          As per the Status Report filed by the State,  on  the  complaint
of  Mr. Ayyadurai (Thevar Community)  one of the injured  students,  a  case
was registered  as  Crime                  No.  1371/2008  of  B2  Esplanade
Police Station under Sections 147,  148,  341,  324,  307  &  506  (ii)  IPC
against one              Mr. Chithiraiselvan and 40 other students.   It  is
stated that   23 accused  students  were  arrested  and  sent   to  judicial
custody  and some of the  accused surrendered  before  the  court  and  they
were released on bail and   remaining  accused  obtained  anticipatory  bail
from the High Court Madras.  Similarly, on the complaint of  Chithiraiselvan
(Dalit Student), a criminal case was  registered   in  Crime  No.  1372/2008
against two students  in B2 Esplanade Police Station   under  Sections  341,
324 and 506 (ii) IPC  and the same was subsequently altered  into   Sections
341, 324, 307 and 506 (ii) IPC.   Those two students who  are  accused  were
arrested and they were released on bail on the direction of the  High  Court
on 12.1.2009.  For the alleged ransacking and  damaging  of  furnitures  and
other properties of the Principal’s Room  on  13.11.2008  another  case  was
registered in B2 Esplanade Police Station  being  Crime  No.1374/2008  under
Sections 147, 148 IPC and Section  3(1) of  Tamilnadu  Property  (Prevention
of Damage and Loss) Act, 1992  and  14  accused   were  arrested   who  were
subsequently  released on bail  on 23.12.2008 as per the  order of the  High
Court.
10.         As per Status Report filed in this Court on 8.9.2014,  in  Crime
No.1371/2008 charge-sheet was filed  before VIIth  Metropolitan  Magistrate,
George  Town,  Chennai  on   10.3.2011  and  the  same  was   returned   for
rectification of certain errors and  after rectification it was  resubmitted
on 19.5.2011 and  the   same  is  yet  to  be  taken   on  file.   In  Crime
No.1372/2008, charge-sheet  was filed and the same has been  taken  on  file
Case No.29/2011 and the next date of hearing  has been fixed  for  9.9.2014.
In Crime No.1374/2008, some of the accused are yet  to  be  apprehended  and
the charge-sheet has been  filed  on  22.3.2011  before  VIIth  Metropolitan
Magistrate, George Town, Chennai which is also yet to be taken on file.
11.         In the Status Report, it is stated that on  12.11.2008,  on  the
same  date  of  incident  three  officials  namely,  (1)  Mr.  K.K.  Sridev,
Principal of   the Law College and (2)  Mr.  K.  Narayanamoorthy,  Assistant
Commissioner of Police  of the Jurisdiction Range and (3) Mr.M. Sekar  Babu,
Inspector of Police of B2 Esplanade  Police  Station   were  suspended   and
four Sub Inspectors of Police who were  working  in  that   area   had  been
transferred to  other  districts.  Government  of  Tamilnadu   appointed   a
Commission of Inquiry  headed by Justice P. Shanmugam, a  former   Judge  of
the Madras High Court to inquire into the incident  and the issues  referred
to by the Government.  The Commission submitted its report  on  8.6.2009  to
the  Government  and  accepting  the  recommendations  of  the   Commission,
departmental action was initiated against three police  personnel  viz.  (1)
Mr .K. Narayanamoorthy, Assistant  Commissioner  of  Police;             (2)
Mr. M. Sekar  Babu,  Inspector of Police and                     (3) Mr.  E.
Perumal, Sub Inspector  of Police.  After  completing  the  inquiry  against
the police officers concerned, report was submitted to  the  Government  and
matter was pending before the  Home  Department    for  final  decision  for
quite  sometime.   By  Order  dated  29.4.2011,  this  Court  directed   the
respondents to ensure that the final orders are passed before the next  date
and the State was directed   to  file  Status  Report  with  regard  to  the
entire situation.  In furtherance of direction  of  this  Court,  the  State
filed  a  further   Status  Report  stating  that  Government  accepted  the
findings of the Inquiry Officer and imposed punishment of ‘censure’  to  Mr.
Narayanamoorthy, Assistant Commissioner of Police   in  G.O.  (2D)  No.  217
Home (Police-2)  Department  dated  18.6.2013  and                  (2)  Mr.
Sekar  Babu,  Inspector  of  Police  in  G.O.(2D)  No.218  Home   (Police-2)
Department dated 18.6.2013.  Insofar as      Mr. E. Perumal,  Sub  Inspector
of Police, the Government proposed to impose punishment  of cut  in  pension
at the rate of  Rs.200/- per month  for  two  years  under  Rule  9  of  the
Tamilnadu Police Rules and the said police officer  has been called upon  to
show cause against the proposed punishment.
12.          Mr.  Prashant  Bhushan,  learned  counsel   appearing  for  the
petitioners submitted that even though there was grave  dereliction of  duty
on the part of the  police   personnel,   there  had  been   inconsequential
departmental action and only nominal  punishment  of censure was imposed  on
two police officers and in case of another  police officer Mr.  E.  Perumal,
Sub  Inspector  of  Police,  the  Government   proposed  to  impose   meagre
punishment  of cut in pension at the rate of  Rs. 200/-  per month  for  two
years (Rs. 4,800/- in all) and thus in effect no punitive  action  has  been
taken  against  the  police  personnel   commensurate   with   their   grave
dereliction of duty, which  only shows the reluctance on  the  part  of  the
State  in  pursuing  the matter  with all seriousness.  Insofar as  criminal
cases registered regarding the  incident,   the  learned  counsel  submitted
that in two cases charge-sheets are yet  to  be  taken  on  file  and  urged
that  in order to  have a fair investigation, the  matter  be  entrusted  to
CBI/SIT for further investigation.  Learned counsel submitted that it is  in
this backdrop of the inaction on the part of  State,  petitioners  chose  to
move  SHRC and since SHRC had  not  promptly  responded,  petitioners  moved
NHRC for which, the petitioners have been  harassed  and  false  cases  have
been  registered   against   the   petitioners.    13.              Mr.   R.
Balasubramanian,  learned senior counsel appearing for SHRC  submitted  that
the SHRC  was then headed by a retired Chief Justice of the  High Court  and
the petitioners are not justified  in  making  baseless  allegation  against
SHRC  for not taking immediate action.   The learned counsel submitted  that
since  the State Government appointed Commission of  Inquiry   headed  by  a
retired High Court Judge, SHRC did not vigorously   pursue  the  matter,  as
it would  have  amounted to holding  a  parallel inquiry by SHRC.
14.         We have perused few  video  clippings  produced  before  us  and
report of the Commission of Inquiry.  But we are  refraining  from  entering
into the details  thereof, lest, it may prejudice any party.   By a  perusal
 of the Status Report  and other materials, we feel  that  the  matter   was
not  proceeded   with  seriousness  with  which  it  ought  to   have   been
proceeded with.  For instance, the  main  accused  K.  Armstrong   in  Crime
No.1371/2008  was  not arrested for  long    time    and  was  shown  as  an
absconder  in  the final report though  he             is  stated  to  be  a
practising  advocate  and also a  contesting  candidate   in  the  election.
On 8.2.2011,  the matter was   brought to the  notice  of  this  Court   and
only after  the order was  passed by this court, accused K.  Armstrong   was
arrested  on 1.5.2011 who was subsequently released on  bail   on  4.5.2011.
Likewise in two criminal cases charge-sheets are yet to  be  taken  on  file
and some of the accused are yet to be  apprehended   and  trial  is  yet  to
commence.
15.         Insofar as  contention  of Mr. Bhushan  to  entrust  the  matter
for  further investigation to CBI/SIT is concerned, time and again,  it  has
been reiterated by this Court  that such an order to  conduct  investigation
by CBI is not to be passed as a matter of routine merely because  the  party
has levelled allegations against  the   local  police.   The  extra-ordinary
power in handing over investigation to CBI  must  be  exercised   cautiously
and in exceptional circumstances.  In  State of   West  Bengal  &  Ors.  vs.
Committee for Protection of Democratic Rights, West Bengal & Ors., (2010)  3
 SCC  571, a Constitution


 Bench of this Court held as under:-
“70. Before parting with the case, we deem it necessary  to  emphasise  that
despite wide powers  conferred by Articles 32 and 226  of the  Constitution,
while passing any order, the Courts must bear in mind  certain  self-imposed
limitations on the  exercise  of  these  Constitutional  powers.   The  very
plenitude of the power under the said Articles  requires  great  caution  in
its exercise.  Insofar as the question of issuing  a  direction  to  CBI  to
conduct investigation  in  a  case  is  concerned,  although  no  inflexible
guidelines  can be laid down to decide whether or not such power  should  be
exercised but time and again it has been reiterated that such  an  order  is
not to be passed as a matter  of routine  or  merely  because  a  party  has
levelled some allegations against the local  police.   This   extra-ordinary
power must be exercised sparingly, cautiously and in exceptional  situations
where it becomes necessary  to provide  credibility  and  instil  confidence
in investigations or where the incident may have national and  international
 ramifications or where such an order may be necessary  for  doing  complete
justice and  enforcing the fundamental  rights.   Otherwise   CBI  would  be
flooded with a large number of cases and  with limited resources,  may  find
it difficult to properly investigate even serious  cases and in the  process
lose its credibility and purpose with  unsatisfactory investigations.”



16.          Legal education has a direct impact  on the  prestige  of   the
legal profession.  It is a  matter  of  concern  that  such  an  unfortunate
incident should have  happened   within  the  precincts   of   Law  College,
Chennai which has produced many eminent lawyers and  legal  luminaries.   We
feel that the matter should have  been addressed by   the  police   and  the
State with  great  concern  and  promptitude.  Though  the  matter  was  not
proceeded in the way in which it should have been proceeded  with,  we  feel
that at this distant point of time, it is not necessary  to  hand  over  the
investigation to CBI or to SIT.    The  reason  being  criminal  cases  have
been registered and  charge-sheets are also filed  and  departmental  action
was also initiated against the police personnel and  punishment  though  may
be nominal was imposed on those police personnel.   Since charge-sheets   in
all three cases have already been  filed   before  the   VIIth  Metropolitan
Magistrate Court, George Town, Chennai, one  of which is already   taken  on
file, in our view, it would suffice if  we  direct  the  VIIth  Metropolitan
Magistrate  Court,  George  Town,  Chennai  to  proceed  with   the   matter
expeditiously.
17.         Learned  counsel  for  petitioners  Mr.  Prashant  Bhushan  laid
scathing  attack on SHRC and submitted that   SHRC was  impervious   to  the
incident  as well as  harassment  to  the  petitioners  and  SHRC   did  not
promptly take steps regarding Law College incident.   Learned  counsel  also
submitted  that the office  of   a  Chairperson  of  Tamilnadu  State  Human
Rights Commission has been remaining  vacant for more than three years.

18.         Insofar as the grievance   of  the   petitioners   on  the  non-
taking  of action  by SHRC, the learned counsel for  SHRC    submitted  that
the office of Chairperson of SHRC is lying  vacant  since  August  2011  and
SHRC was  finding it difficult to  take follow up action.  Having regard  to
the said submissions, we have asked the  State  of  Tamilnadu  to  file  its
response as to the non-filling up of the office of Chairperson of  SHRC  and
the State has filed its Status  Report   on  8.9.2014  with  regard  to  the
appointment  of Chairperson to SHRC.

19.          In  the  Status  Report,   it  is   stated   that   office   of
Chairperson, Tamilnadu State Human Rights Commission has been lying   vacant
since 27.8.2011 due to  non-availability  of  suitable  candidates.   It  is
stated that in response to the request of the State Government,  High  Court
of Madras has sent  the list of retired Chief Justices who were  the  Former
Judges of the Madras High Court along with their date of  birth  and   their
present addresses.   According to the  State,   in  the  list  sent  by  the
Registrar  General, High Court of Madras most of the candidates  are  either
already appointed  to  different  Appellate  Tribunals  or  equivalent  post
outside  Tamilnadu or  have attained the age  limit  of   70  years  or  not
having any  familiarity  with the language and culture  of    Tamilnadu  and
it was almost impossible  to find  a suitable candidate   for  the  post  of
Chairperson, SHRC, Tamilnadu. It is stated that in terms  of  Section  25(1)
of the Protection of Human  Rights  Act  1993,  Order  dated  4.12.2013  was
issued to Ms. Jayanthi, IAS (Retd.) Member to  act  as  the  Chairperson  in
State Human Rights Commission, Tamilnadu  until the appointment  of   a  new
Chairperson to  the Commission. It is further stated  that  in  this  regard
Government of  Tamilnadu  has  proposed  to  Government  of  India   that  a
suitable  amendment  to Section 21(2)(a)   of  Protection  of  Human  Rights
Act, 1993 (for short ‘the Act’) could be  made  to  make  eligible   retired
Judges   of High Court with a minimum experience of seven years as  a  Judge
of the High Court for the post of  Chairperson,  SHRC,  Tamilnadu  and  such
proposal is under consideration of  the Government of India.  Status  Report
filed by the State refers to various  letter  correspondence  by  the  State
with Union of India   in this regard.

20.         We do not wish to go into the niceties of  the    proposal  made
by the State of Tamilnadu  requesting   for suitable  amendment  to  Section
21(2)(a) of the Act.  We confine our   focus   only   with  regard  to   the
vacancy  of office of Chairperson, SHRC remaining  vacant  for  quite   some
time.

21.         Protection of Human  Rights  Act  1993  has  been   enacted   to
provide for better protection of human rights by  constituting   a  National
Human Rights Commission and also  State Human Rights  Commission  and  Human
Rights Courts. Section 2(1)(d) of the Act defines  “human  rights”   as  the
rights relating to  life,  liberty,  equality,  dignity  of  the  individual
guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in  the  International  Covenants
and enforceable  by courts in India.  The above rights   are  traceable   to
Part III of the Indian Constitution  guaranteeing   Fundamental  Rights  and
particularly  Articles 14, 19,  20, 21,  and  22.   Chapter  V  of  the  Act
consisting of Sections 21 to 29 deals with the constitution of  State  Human
Rights Commission and its functions thereto.  State Commission consists   of
 a Chairperson who has been a Chief Justice   of  a  High  Court   and  four
Members.  The  Act  has  put  in  place  various   remedial   measures   for
prevention of any human  rights  violations   and  confers  power  upon  the
NHRC/SHRC to inquire  suo motu   or on a petition not  only  of   violations
of human rights or abetment thereof or  even  negligence   exhibited  by   a
public servant  in preventing such violations.  The  statute  has  conferred
wide range powers upon NHRC/SHRC.  The Commission is therefore  required  to
be constituted with persons who have held very high constitutional   offices
earlier so that all aspects of good  and adjudicatory  procedures  would  be
familiar to them.   Having regard to the  benevolent  objects  of   the  Act
and the effective  mechanism  for redressal of  grievances of  the  citizens
against human rights violations, the office of Chairperson  of  SHRC  cannot
be allowed to remain vacant for  a  long   time.   State  of  Tamilnadu  has
always shown  zero tolerance   towards  human  rights  violations   and  has
always sent clear  message  of its commitment  towards protection  of  human
rights.  We see no  reason as to why the post of Chairperson, SHRC which  is
to be headed by a person who has been the Chief  Justice  of  a  High  Court
should remain  vacant for more than three years.  In our view,  pending  the
State Government’s request for amendment  to Section 21(2)(a)   of  the  Act
which process will take long time, it will be  in  order  if  the  State  of
Taminadu  takes steps to fill up the vacancy of the post    of  Chairperson,
SHRC, Tamilnadu in terms  of  Section  21(2)(a)  by  constituting  a  Search
Committee  at an early date.

22.          So  far  as  the  grievance  of  the  petitioners  as   regards
registration of false cases against them is concerned, it is stated that  on
the complaint lodged by Reception Officer of the Circuit  House  Coimbatore,
a criminal case  has been  registered    against  the  first  petitioner  in
Crime No. 191/2009   in B4 Race  Course  Police  Station,   Coimbatore  City
under Section 420 IPC.  Organized Crime Unit (OCU) CB-CID has registered   a
case Crime No.1/2009 against the  petitioners    on  the  complaint  of  one
Krishnakumar  for the alleged act of cheating.   In both the cases,  charge-
sheets  have  been  filed   before  the  Chief  Judicial  Magistrate  Court,
Coimbatore which were taken on file  in CC 84/2010 and  83/2010.   Both  the
petitioners have  filed quash petitions under                   Section  482
Cr.P.C. before the High Court of  Madras  to  quash   the  charges   against
them in  Criminal O.P.Nos.14609 & 14610/2011 and 14611  &  14612  /2011  and
obtained interim stay  and quash  petitions  are  stated  to   be   pending.
Since the  petitioners  have  already  filed  petitions  under  Section  482
Cr.P.C., the petitioners are at liberty to   raise  all  contentions  before
the High Court in those petitions filed by them.

23.         This writ petition  is  disposed  of   directing  the      VIIth
Metropolitan Magistrate Court, George Town, Chennai   to  immediately   take
the  cases on file relating to the Law  College   incident   and    expedite
the trial  and dispose of the  cases expeditiously in  accordance  with  law
within a period of one year.  The VIIth Metropolitan Magistrate  shall  file
report regarding the progress of the cases to the High  Court  once  in  two
months and we request the High Court to monitor the progress of  the  cases.
In view of our discussion in para (21), the  State  of  Tamilnadu  would  do
well  if  it  takes  appropriate  steps  to  fill  up  the  vacancy  of  the
Chairperson, SHRC, Tamilnadu expeditiously.



                                                               ……………………………J.
                                                               (T.S. Thakur)


                                                               ……………………………J.
                                                              (R. Banumathi)

New Delhi;
September 16, 2014


-----------------------
22


Tuesday, September 30, 2014

Alibi - Medical evidence - Non examination of senior counsel to prove alibi instead of office colleague is not a ground for discard the evidence - trial court discarded it where as High court accepted the same and acquitted the accused - when the alleged blunt object said to be used by Accused 4,8 high court acquitted as the Doctor deposed that death was caused due to sharp weapon not by blunt objects said to be used by A 4,8 - Apex court held that nothing is there to interfere - regarding conviction and confirmation of sentences of other accused the Apex court held that the trial court and the High Court recorded concurrent findings holding that the appellants accused Dilawar Singh (A-1), Yash Pal (A-3) and Shamsher Singh (A-7) have committed the offences punishable under Section 302 IPC read with Section 149 IPC and under Section 148 IPC. It has been repeatedly held by this Court that even though powers of this Court under Article 136 of the Constitution are very wide, in criminal appeals this Court does not interfere with the concurrent findings of fact, save in exceptional circumstances.= CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1362 OF 2010 DILAWAR SINGH & ORS. …Appellants Versus STATE OF HARYANA ...Respondent = 2014 - Sept. Month - http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/filename=41916

 Alibi - Medical evidence - Non examination of senior counsel to prove alibi instead of office colleague is not a ground for discard the evidence - trial court discarded it where as High court accepted the same and acquitted the accused - when the alleged blunt object said to be used by Accused 4,8 high court acquitted as the Doctor deposed that death was caused due to sharp weapon not by blunt objects said to be used by A 4,8 - Apex court held that nothing is there to interfere - regarding conviction and confirmation of sentences of other accused the Apex court held that the trial court and the High Court recorded concurrent  findings holding that the appellants accused Dilawar Singh (A-1), Yash Pal (A-3)  and Shamsher Singh (A-7) have committed the offences  punishable  under  Section 302 IPC read with Section 149 IPC and under Section 148 IPC. It  has  been repeatedly held  by this Court  that  even  though   powers  of  this  Court under Article 136 of the Constitution  are  very wide, in  criminal  appeals this Court does not interfere with the concurrent  findings of   fact,  save in exceptional circumstances.=

Appellants Dilawar Singh (A-1),  Yash  Pal  (A-3)  and  Shamsher
Singh (A-7) in Criminal Appeal No.1362/2010 challenge the legality of  their
conviction for the offence  punishable  under  Section  302  IPC  read  with
Section 149 IPC and the sentence of  life  imprisonment  and  imposition  of
fine of  Rs.5,000/- each  and  also  challenge  their  conviction   for  the
offence punishable under Section 148 IPC and sentence  of  imprisonment  for
two years.
Being aggrieved by the acquittal of Balkar Singh  (A-4),  Ranbir
Singh (A-6) and Charan       Singh (A-8), State of Haryana and Chanda  Singh
– father of the deceased Narinder Singh have preferred Criminal Appeal  Nos.
826/2010 and 830/2010.

Accused Ranbir Singh took a plea of alibi by stating that he  is  practising
as an advocate at Kurukshetra  and was not present    at  the  spot  on  the
date of occurrence.  Gurdev Singh (A-2) also took  the  plea  of  alibi  and
stated that he was posted as a Naib Tehsildar and  in  connection  with  his
official work had gone to village Sardhaheri  on  the  date  of  occurrence.
 The
trial court 
acquitted Gurdev Singh  (A-2),  Ashok  Kumar  (A-5)  and  Dalbir
Singh(A-9).

Apex court held that
Regarding convictions

The trial court and the High Court recorded concurrent  findings
holding that the appellants accused Dilawar Singh (A-1), Yash Pal (A-3)  and
Shamsher Singh (A-7) have committed the offences  punishable  under  Section
302 IPC read with Section 149 IPC and under Section 148 IPC.
 It  has  been
repeatedly held  by this Court  that  even  though   powers  of  this  Court
under Article 136 of the Constitution  are  very wide, in  criminal  appeals
this Court does not interfere with the concurrent  findings of   fact,  save
in exceptional circumstances.

Regarding acquittals of High court

A-6, Ranbir Singh  has put forth defence  plea  of  alibi.  A-6,
Ranbir Singh was a practising lawyer at Kurukshetra and he was working as  a
junior advocate in the office of  Senior  Advocate,  Mr.  S.C.  Sharma.  Mr.
Yudhvir Singh, advocate was examined as DW-6, who was also  practising  with
Mr. S.C.Sharma.
 He stated that on the date  of  occurrence     A-6,  Ranbir
Singh was in the  office  of  Senior  Advocate  and  not  at  the  place  of
occurrence.
Trial Court has not accepted the plea of alibi  raised  by  him
only on the ground that the Senior Advocate with whom A-6, Ranbir Singh  was
practising was not examined.
The High Court  held  that  evidence  of  DW-6
cannot be doubted as there was no reason  to  disbelieve  him  and  plea  of
alibi taken by A-6, Ranbir Singh cannot be rejected on the ground  that  his
Senior Advocate Mr. S.C. Sharma was not examined and on  those  findings  as
recorded, High Court acquitted Ranbir Singh, the 6th  accused.
We  do  not
see any perversity in the appreciation of evidence  by  High  Court  and  we
find no substantial ground to interfere with  the  acquittal of A-6.
34.          Insofar  as  A-4,  Balkar  Singh  and  A-8,  Charan  Singh  are
concerned, the case of the prosecution is that
 A-4   gave  gandasi  blow  to
Narinder Singh on his left arm and A-8,
Charan Singh gave a  blow  with  his
sword on the right leg of Narinder Singh.
PW-10, Dr. Surinder Singh  stated
that death of the deceased was caused by sharp edged weapon  and  could  not
have been caused by any blunt weapon.
The High Court was of  the  view  that
the overt act of A-4, Balkar Singh  and  A-8,  Charan  Singh,  do  not  find
corroboration with medical evidence and on those  findings  the  High  Court
set aside the conviction of A-4, Balkar Singh  and  A-8,  Charan  Singh  and
acquitted them.
We, therefore, do not find any merit in the appeal preferred  by
accused (A-1, Dilawar Singh), (A3, Yash Pal),  and  (A-7,  Shamsher  Singh).
The appeal fails and the same is dismissed.  The appeals  against  acquittal
preferred by the State and by Chanda Singh also are dismissed.

   2014 - Sept. Month - http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/filename=41916 

                                                             REPORTABLE

                        IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
                       CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

                      CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1362 OF 2010

DILAWAR SINGH & ORS.                        …Appellants

                                   Versus

STATE OF HARYANA                                 ...Respondent
                                    WITH

                       CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 826 OF 2010

STATE OF HARYANA                                 .. Appellant

                                   Versus

BALKAR SINGH & ORS.                               ..Respondents
                                     AND

                       CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 830 OF 2010

CHANDA SINGH                                          .. Appellant

                                   Versus

RANBIR SINGH & ORS.                               ..Respondents

                               J U D G M E N T


R. BANUMATHI, J.

            Appellants Dilawar Singh (A-1),  Yash  Pal  (A-3)  and  Shamsher
Singh (A-7) in Criminal Appeal No.1362/2010 challenge the legality of  their
conviction for the offence  punishable  under  Section  302  IPC  read  with
Section 149 IPC and the sentence of  life  imprisonment  and  imposition  of
fine of  Rs.5,000/- each  and  also  challenge  their  conviction   for  the
offence punishable under Section 148 IPC and sentence  of  imprisonment  for
two years.  Being aggrieved by the acquittal of Balkar Singh  (A-4),  Ranbir
Singh (A-6) and Charan       Singh (A-8), State of Haryana and Chanda  Singh
– father of the deceased Narinder Singh have preferred Criminal Appeal  Nos.
826/2010 and 830/2010.
2.          Briefly stated  case  of  the  prosecution  is  that    deceased
Narinder Singh was running a shop for the sale of fertilizers at  the  Ladwa
Town and he was residing near Veterinary Hospital.  On  22.8.1998  at  about
8.45 p.m. Narinder Singh  was driving his motor cycle  and  when  he  turned
towards  Babain Road, in Ladwa  little ahead  of  the  veterinary  hospital,
Dilawar Singh (A-1), Gurdev  Singh  (A-2)  and  Yash  Pal  (A-3)  and  other
accused persons  namely Balkar Singh (A-4), Ashok Kumar (A-5)  Ranbir  Singh
(A-6), Shamsher Singh  (A-7),  Charan  Singh  (A-8)  and  Dalbir  Singh(A-9)
intercepted him.  Dilawar Singh (A-1), Yash Pal (A-3) and Shamsher Singh (A-
7) gave blow on the head of deceased Narinder Singh  with  their  respective
cutter and Narinder Singh fell down along with his motor cycle  and  shouted
Bachao Bachao. At that time Chanda Singh-father of the deceased  along  with
his brother Hakam Singh came nearby in  their  car   and   saw  the  accused
being attacked.  Chanda Singh and Hakam Singh cried  for  help  and  shouted
‘NA MARO NA MARO’.  Gurdev Singh (A-2) and Charan Singh (A-8)  caused  sword
blows on the  left leg and right leg of Narinder Singh.  Ranbir Singh  (A-6)
gave gandasi blow on the right hand of Narinder Singh whereas  Balkar  Singh
(A-4) gave gandasi blow to Narinder  Singh  on  his  left  arm.   Two  other
assailants  namely  Ashok  Kumar  (A-5)  and  Dalbir  Singh  (A-9)  attacked
Narinder Singh with hockey sticks and caused  injuries  to  Narinder  Singh.
In the meanwhile, Sham Singh (PW-7) also reached there and  he  too  shouted
at the accused not to kill Narinder Singh.  All the accused  fled away  from
the spot with their respective  weapons  in  their   motor  cycles.   Chanda
Singh (PW-6), Hakam Singh and Sham Singh (PW-7)  chased  the  assailants  in
their respective vehicles but they could not catch hold of  them.
3.          Further case of prosecution is that on 22.8.1998 at  about  9.00
p.m. ASI Charan Dass (PW-11) who was on  patrolling  duty  received  message
about an injured person lying near Veterinary Hospital, Ladwa and PW-11  and
police party went to the scene of occurrence and  shifted  injured  Narinder
Singh to Community Health Centre, Ladwa  where  Dr.  Ashwini  Kumar  (DW-1),
Medical Officer  of the Health Centre examined him and found him not fit  to
make  statement. In the meanwhile, Chanda Singh and Hakam Singh reached  the
spot and found that injured Narinder Singh had already been shifted  to  the
hospital by the police.   Chanda Singh (PW-6) went  to  the  Ladwa  Hospital
and Hakam Singh went to the   village  to  inform  the  family  members   of
Narinder Singh  about the incident.  When  Chanda  Singh  reached  Community
Health Centre at Ladwa, injured Narinder Singh was, in the process of  being
referred  to  the  Lok  Nayak  Jai  Prakash  Hospital,  Kurukshetra  as  his
condition  was  very   serious.   In  the  hospital  at   Kurukshetra,   Dr.
S.C.Grover (PW-1)  examined  the  injured–Narinder  Singh  and  opined  that
Narinder Singh was unfit to make any  statement.   Since  the  condition  of
Narinder Singh was serious, he was immediately referred  to  PGI  Chandigarh
and Chanda Singh shifted injured Narinder  Singh  to  PGI  Chandigarh.   Dr.
Munish Kumar (PW-9)  of  PGI  Chandigarh  admitted  Narinder  Singh  in  the
hospital on 23.8.1998 at about 2.30 a.m. and  intimation  was sent   to  the
police post located near the hospital. On receipt of  information  from  the
hospital,  ASI  Karam  Chand  (PW-4)  went  to  the  hospital  and  on   his
application  Dr. Kanya Rejangam (PW-8) opined that injured  Narinder   Singh
was unfit  to make statement.  Injured Narinder Singh succumbed to  injuries
at about  5.30 a.m. on 23.8.1998  and death intimation  was  sent   to   the
Police Post, PGI Chandigarh.  On the same day Chanda  Singh  came  back   to
Ladwa and went to the police station and lodged the complaint on  the  basis
of which FIR was registered at  Ladwa  Police Station, ASI Charan Dass  (PW-
11) went to PGI Chandigarh and conducted  the inquest  on the dead  body  of
deceased  Narinder  Singh.  In  PGI,  Dr.  Surinder           Singh  (PW-10)
conducted autopsy on the body of  Narinder  Singh   and   noted  18  incised
injuries and other injuries all over the body of  the  deceased  and  issued
the Post Mortem Certificate.  Dr. Surinder Singh  (PW-10)  opined  that  the
deceased died of cut injuries on the  head  and  due  to  haemorrhage   from
multiple  incised wounds.  The  accused  surrendered  before  the  court  on
various dates and on information of their surrender, Inspector  Jagdish  Ram
(PW-12) took the accused to police custody and  based  on  their  confession
the  weapons  and  motor  cycles  were   seized.     After   completion   of
investigation, the accused were charge sheeted under Section  302  IPC  read
with Section 149 IPC.
4.          To  bring  home  the  guilt  of  the  accused,  prosecution  has
examined PWs 1 to 16 and placed reliance on documents and material  objects.
The  accused  were  questioned  under  Section   313   Cr.P.C.   about   the
incriminating evidence and  circumstances  and  they  denied  all  of  them.
Accused Ranbir Singh took a plea of alibi by stating that he  is  practising
as an advocate at Kurukshetra  and was not present    at  the  spot  on  the
date of occurrence.  Gurdev Singh (A-2) also took  the  plea  of  alibi  and
stated that he was posted as a Naib Tehsildar and  in  connection  with  his
official work had gone to village Sardhaheri  on  the  date  of  occurrence.
The accused examined DWs 1to 6 as witness on their side.
5.           Upon   consideration  of  the  evidence,   the    trial   court
convicted and sentenced Dilawar Singh (A-1), Yash Pal  (A-3),  Balkar  Singh
(A-4), Ranbir Singh (A-6), Shamsher  Singh  (A-7)  and  Charan  Singh  (A-8)
under Section 302  IPC read with Section  149  IPC  and  sentenced  them  to
undergo life imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/- each with  default
clause and also convicted them for the  offence   punishable  under  Section
148 IPC and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for  two  years.  The
trial court acquitted Gurdev Singh  (A-2),  Ashok  Kumar  (A-5)  and  Dalbir
Singh(A-9).
6.           Being aggrieved  by  the  conviction  and  sentence,  convicted
accused 1,3,4 and 6 to 8 preferred appeal before the High Court.   The  High
Court confirmed  the conviction of  Dilawar Singh (A-1), Yash Pal (A-3)  and
Shamsher Singh (A-7)  and acquitted   Balkar Singh (A-4), Ranbir  Singh  (A-
6) and  Charan Singh (A-8).  Being  aggrieved  by  the  conviction,  Dilawar
Singh (A-1), Yash Pal (A-3) and Shamsher Singh  (A-7)  have  filed  Criminal
Appeal No. 1362/2010.  Being aggrieved by the acquittal of Balkar Singh  (A-
4), Ranbir Singh (A-6) and Charan Singh (A-8), State has preferred  Criminal
Appeal                  No.826/2010 and Chanda Singh  (PW-6)–father  of  the
deceased Narinder Singh has filed  Criminal Appeal No. 830/2010.
7.          Mr. Giri, learned Senior Counsel  appearing  for  the  convicted
accused Dilawar Singh  (A-1),  Yash  Pal  (A-3)  and  Shamsher  Singh  (A-7)
submitted that serious doubts arise as to the presence of Chanda Singh  (PW-
6) in the scene of occurrence  and trial court as well as High Court   ought
not to have based the conviction on the evidence of PW-6 and  conviction  of
the aforesaid  accused is not sustainable.
8.          Mr. Rao Ranjit, learned counsel, appearing  for  the  State  has
taken us through the evidence of Chanda Singh (PW-6) and Sham  Singh  (PW-7)
and other evidence and submitted that evidence of  PW-6 is corroborated   by
evidence of PW-7, recovery of weapons and  Serology Report and  courts  have
recorded concurrent findings of fact that PW-6 is  a  reliable  witness  and
the  same  does not  warrant interference.   The  learned  counsel   further
submitted that when the   learned courts have  believed the evidence of  PWs
6 and 7  qua  Dilawar Singh(A-1), Yash Pal(A-3)   and  Shamsher  Singh(A-7),
the courts ought not to have disbelieved the case of prosecution qua  Balkar
Singh (A-4),  Ranbir Singh (A-6) and  Charan Singh (A-8)  for  reversal   of
acquittal.
9.          We have heard the learned counsel appearing for the  accused  4,
6 and 8 who were acquitted and also            Mr. Shishpal  Laler,  learned
counsel appearing for the appellant- Chanda Singh.
10.         The prosecution case  revolves  around  the  ocular  version  of
Chanda Singh (PW-6) father of deceased  Narinder  Singh  who  witnessed  the
occurrence along with his brother Hakam Singh and Sham Singh (PW-7).  PWs  6
and 7 have spoken about the attack on the deceased and overt act of  accused
Dilawar Singh (A-1), Yash Pal (A-3) and Shamsher  Singh  (A-7)  and  others.
Hakam Singh was not examined.  Evidence of Sham  Singh  (PW-7)  corroborates
the version of Chanda Singh (PW-6). Learned courts below found the  evidence
of PW-6 trustworthy and recorded respective findings for convicting  Dilawar
Singh (A-1), Yash Pal (A-3) and Shamsher Singh (A-7)  and  acquitting  other
accused.
11.         Contending that Chanda  Singh (PW-6) could  not  have  witnessed
the occurrence  and the learned  courts erred  in  placing   reliance   upon
version of PW-6,  evidence  of  PW-6  is   interalia   assailed  on  various
grounds :- (i)  PW-6 had no reason  to  be   present  in  Babain  Road  near
Veterinary Hospital, Ladwa; (ii) Conduct of PW-6 is  not  natural   that  on
witnessing  the attack on  his  son,  he  had  not  naturally   reacted   in
trying to save his son but he is alleged to have chased the  accused;  (iii)
PW-6 had he been the witness, he would  have given  statement to the  police
immediately after  the  occurrence   and  there  would  not  have  been   an
inordinate delay in registration of FIR i.e. on 23.8.1998 at 11.00  A.M  and
the delay in registration of  FIR falsifies his evidence.
12.         Insofar as the contention of the appellants  that  Chanda  Singh
(PW-6) had no reason to be present in  the  place  of  occurrence,  deceased
Narinder Singh was dealing in fertilizers at Ladwa and  was  residing  in  a
house near the veterinary hospital of the town.  PW-6 has stated that  their
home  place Mehra is at a distance of 5 kms from Ladwa and is  connected  by
a pakka  road which leads  towards  Babain  from  Ladwa.  Village  Mehra  is
connected with this            Ladwa - Babain   road  by  a  link  road  and
when this link road is  connecting  PW-6’s  home  village  Mehra,  there  is
nothing  unusual about Chanda Singh  going  through   Babain  Road  and  his
presence in the  place of occurrence.  It is unreasonable to  contend   that
Chanda Singh (PW-6) had  no compelling reason  to be present  in  the  place
of occurrence.
13.         Learned counsel for the appellant contended that the conduct  of
 Chanda Singh (PW-6)  is unnatural and  being  father of  the  deceased  and
on seeing his son belaboured,    PW-6 had not swiftly   acted  to  save  his
son  and neither PW-6 nor Hakam Singh  or   Sham  Singh  (  PW-7)  took  the
deceased to the hospital and Chanda Singh and other  witnesses  are  alleged
to have left the injured at the place of incident and   proceeded  to  chase
the assailants and such unnatural  conduct of PW-6 only shows  that  he  was
not present at the place of occurrence.
14.         We find no merit in the submission that Chanda Singh  (PW-6)  is
to be disbelieved on the ground that  he  has  not  acted  in  a  particular
manner to save his son.  Every person who witnesses a murder reacts  in  his
own  way.  On seeing Narinder Singh being attacked,  PW-6  and  Hakam  Singh
might have been shocked and stunned.  Being two  together,  PW-6  and  Hakam
Singh might have perhaps thought of catching the assailants  and  appear  to
have chased them by following them in the car.
15.         In Rana Partap and Ors. vs. State of Haryana (1983) 3  SCC  327,
while dealing with the behaviour of the witnesses, this Court opined thus:
“6….Every person  who witnesses a murder reacts in his own  way.   Some  are
stunned, become speechless and stand  rooted   to  the  spot.   Some  become
hysteric and start wailing.  Some start shouting for help.  Others run  away
to keep themselves  as far removed from the spot  as possible.   Yet  others
rush to the rescue of the victim, even going  to  the   extent  of  counter-
attacking the assailants.  Every one reacts in his own special  way.   There
is no set rule of natural reaction.  To discard the evidence  of  a  witness
on the ground that  he  did  not  react  in  any  particular  manner  is  to
appreciate evidence in a wholly unrealistic and unimaginative way.”

   16.           In State of H.P. v. Mast Ram (2004) 8 SCC 660 it  has  been
stated that there is no set rule that  one must react  in a particular  way,
for the natural reaction of man is  unpredictable.  Everyone reacts in   his
own way and, hence, natural  human  behaviour  is  difficult   to  prove  by
credible  evidence.  It has to be appreciated in the context of given  facts
and circumstances of the case.  Similar view has  been  reiterated  in  Lahu
Kamlakar  Patil  and  Anr.  v.  State  of  Maharashtra  (2013)  6  SCC  417.

17.         Behaviour of the witnesses or their reactions would differ  from
situation  to  situation  and  individual  to  individual.  Expectation   of
uniformity in the reaction of witnesses would be  unrealistic  and  no  hard
and fast rule can  be   laid  down  as  to  the  uniformity  of   the  human
reaction.  The evidence of PW-6 is not to be disbelieved simply  because  he
did not react in a particular manner.  PW-6 explained how he happened to  be
there in  the  place  of  occurrence  and  had  cogently  spoken  about  the
occurrence and his  evidence  remained  unscathed  despite  searching  cross
examination.
18.         In his evidence  Chanda  Singh  (PW-6)  stated  that  they  have
chased the assailants for about 300 – 400  meters  and  then  abandoned  the
chase and returned to the place of occurrence after  fifteen   minutes.   In
the meanwhile, injured Narinder Singh  was  shifted   to   Community  Health
Centre, Ladwa by ASI Charan Dass (PW-11).  Sham  Singh  (PW-7)  stated  that
after  chasing the assailants they have returned to the place of  occurrence
within 5-7 minutes.  On behalf of the  appellants,  it  was  contended  that
chasing the accused to a distance of 200–300 meters would  have  taken  only
about 5-7 minutes  and the fact that  Narinder  Singh  was  shifted  to  the
hospital by the time PW-6 returned  to the place of occurrence   only  shows
that PW-6 was not present at the time of occurrence and  that  he  has  been
planted as an  eye-witness subsequently.  Version of  PW-6  that  they  have
chased the assailants and came back after  about  15-20  minutes,  does  not
affect  his credibility  nor the prosecution case. It is brought  on  record
that on the date of occurrence i.e. 22.8.1998 there was  solar  eclipse  and
Solar Eclipse Fair  was going  on   in  Kurukshetra   and  large  number  of
people congregated and the place  of  occurrence   and   nearby   place  was
crowded  with  temporary bazaars and exhibitions and therefore   PW-6  could
come back  to the place of occurrence  only after  15  minutes  and  in  the
meanwhile injured Narinder  Singh  was  shifted       to   Community  Health
Centre, Ladwa by ASI Charan         Dass (PW-11).  The  alleged  time  taken
in chasing the accused  and the fact that in the meanwhile   Narinder  Singh
was shifted  to  the Community Health Centre, Ladwa, in our view,  does  not
 militate  against the credibility  of PW-6.
19.         Learned counsel  for the appellants then contended  that  police
station in Ladwa is situated within a  short  distance  from  the  place  of
occurrence and yet no information was given to the  police  immediately.  It
was submitted that Chanda Singh (PW-6) had  not given statement   to  police
either at Ladwa or at Kurukshetra or atleast to PW-4, ASI   Karam  Chand  of
Police Post  at PGI Chandigarh  who came to  the  hospital   on  receipt  of
information  of admission  of  injured Narinder Singh in PGI Chandigarh  and
FIR was registered only on 23.8.1998  at  11.00  A.M.  and   the  inordinate
delay in giving information to the  police and registration  of  FIR  raises
serious  doubts  about   the   credibility    of    prosecution   case   and
trustworthiness of PW-6.
20.         We find no merit  in the submission that  delay in  registration
of   FIR  is  fatal  to the prosecution case  for the reason that  delay  is
satisfactorily explained by the prosecution.  Let  us  briefly  recapitulate
the sequence of events.  After chasing the assailants for few minutes,  PW-6
came to Community Health Centre, Ladwa  at 9.00  –  9.15  P.M.  Hakam  Singh
went to village Mehra to inform   the  family   members  and  for  arranging
money.  By the time  PW-6  arrived  in  the  Ladwa  Hospital,  the  hospital
authorities were making  arrangement to refer  the  injured  to  Kurukshetra
as his condition was  very  serious.    By  the  time  PW-6  went  to  Ladwa
Hospital, PW-11 left to village  Mehra  to  inform  the  family  members  of
injured Narinder Singh.  Evidently in Ladwa Hospital, PW-6  could  not  have
met ASI Charan Dass  (PW  11).  PW-6  shifted  the  injured  to  Kurukshetra
Hospital at        10.30-11.00 P.M. and then  shifted  Narinder  Singh  from
Kurukshetra Hospital to PGI Chandigarh. They left Kurukshetra between 11.30-
12.00  P.M.  for  PGI  and  reached  PGI   Chandigarh   at   2.30  A.M.   on
23.8.1998.  ASI Charan Dass (PW 11) reached Kurukshetra Hospital   at  about
11.30 P.M. and moved an application to the doctor regarding fitness  of  the
injured  to make  a statement.  Again in Kurukshetra there  was  hardly  any
time for PW-6 to meet  PW-11,  ASI  Charan   Dass.    There  is  nothing  on
record  showing that PW-6 met PW-11  either  at  Ladwa  or  at  Kurukshetra.
When PW-6 was busy in arranging  medical aid  to  save  his  son,  delay  in
lodging  the  FIR cannot be said to  be  fatal.   The   sequence  of  events
clearly show that PW-6 was taking all steps to save the  life  of   his  son
and making  arrangements for  money, ambulance etc.
21.         Whether the delay  is so long as to draw a cloud   of  suspicion
on the prosecution case will depend upon variety of factors which will  vary
from case to case.    As pointed out by the learned courts,  from  the  very
beginning the condition of  injured Narinder Singh  was   very  serious  and
he was struggling for existence  and his father PW-6 and uncle  Hakam  Singh
were concerned about the welfare  of the injured.  While so, they could  not
have thought of approaching  the  police first  and  informing   them  about
the incident and the assailants.   Where  delay  in  lodging  complaint  and
registration of FIR has been satisfactorily explained, the delay  by  itself
was no ground for disbelieving the prosecution  evidence  particularly  when
it had  been accepted both by the Sessions Court and the High Court.
22.         Coming to the  further  contention  of  the  appellants  raising
doubts about   the credibility of PW-6  in  not  making  any  statement   at
least to ASI  Karam Chand (PW-4) of Police Post PGI Chandigarh,  on  receipt
of  the information regarding  admission  of  injured  Narinder  Singh,  ASI
Karam Chand (PW-4)  went to the PGI Hospital  to record  the  statement   of
injured  Narinder Singh. At that time, Chanda  Singh  (PW-6)  was  attending
his son.  The contention of the appellants is that   PW-6 had  the  occasion
to  inform the police  about the incident   at least to ASI Karam Chand (PW-
4) but the same was not done which raise serious doubts about  the  presence
of Chanda Singh (PW-6) at  the  scene  of  occurrence.  By  perusal  of  the
evidence of PW-4, it is seen that on receipt  of  intimation  (rukka)   from
PGI Chandigarh, PW-4 rushed to the  hospital  for  recording  the  statement
of  injured Narinder Singh.  Since Chanda Singh (PW-6)  did  not  offer  any
statement  to ASI Karam Chand  (PW-4), since Narinder Singh was then  alive,
there was no occasion for recording  the statement  of Chanda Singh.  It  is
also brought in evidence that after the death of  Narinder Singh  ASI  Karam
Chand (PW-4) did not  go to  PGI for the second time.  In our  view,   there
is no merit in the submission  that PW-6 is to be disbelieved on the  ground
that he did not  choose to give  any statement at least to ASI  Karam  Chand
(PW-4).
23.         Narinder Singh died at 5.30 A.M.  on  23.8.1998  and  thereafter
Chanda Singh (PW-6) went to Ladwa Police Station on 23.8.1998 at 11.00  A.M.
and lodged the complaint and FIR was registered  as Ext PE No. 314/1998   at
Ladwa Police Station.  Sequence of  events  clearly  show   that  PW-6   was
attending  his son and was taking  steps to shift   injured  Narinder  Singh
from  Community Health Centre Ladwa  to  Lok  Nayak  Jai  Parkash  Hospital,
Kurukshetra and from Kurukshetra to PGI Chandigarh  and  PW-6  was  busy  in
arranging  for money, medical aid and ambulance etc.  The  delay  of   about
15 hours  and 15 minutes  in lodging  the FIR,   in  our  view,   cannot  be
said to be fatal.  Learned courts have  recorded   concurrent  finding  that
the  delay in registration  of FIR  has been  satisfactorily  explained  and
the delay is not fatal to the prosecution case.
24.         While appreciating the  evidence  of  a  witness,  the  approach
must be whether the evidence  of the witness  read as  a  whole  appears  to
have a ring  of truth. Once that impression is formed it  is  necessary  for
the court  to scrutinize  the evidence,  to find out whether it  is  against
the  general tenor of the prosecution  case.   Learned  courts  below  found
evidence of PW-6 reliable and accepted the same.  The power  of  this  Court
under Article 136 of the  Constitution  are  very  wide.   But  in  criminal
appeals this Court does not interfere with the concurrent findings  of  fact
save in exceptional circumstances. When the learned courts below  found  the
evidence of PW-6 reliable and acceptable, we do not find any  perversity  in
the approach of the  learned  courts  in  accepting  the  evidence  of  PW-6
warranting interference in exercise of  jurisdiction under  Article  136  of
the Constitution of India.
25.         Evidence of Chanda Singh (PW-6) is corroborated by the  evidence
of Sham Singh (PW-7).  Credibility of PW-7 is assailed on  the  ground  that
he was also challaned along with Narinder Singh in  criminal  case  in  1994
and that PW-7 has animosity against the accused  persons.   The  mere   fact
that PW-7 was also challaned along with  Narinder  Singh  and  that  he  was
inimical towards the accused would not result  in  mechanical  rejection  of
evidence of  such a witness; but would only make the  court  cautious  while
evaluating   the   testimony  of  the  witness  and  we  do  not  find   any
infirmity in the  appreciation of  evidence  of  PW-7   by  the  courts  and
relying  upon the same as corroborative evidence.
26.         PWs 6 and 7 have spoken in one voice against Dilawar  Singh  (A-
1), Yash Pal (A-3)  and  Shamsher  Singh  (A-7).   Their  evidence  is  also
corroborated by the medical evidence  of  Dr.  Surinder  Singh  (PW-10)  who
conducted the autopsy on the body of  Narinder Singh.   As  per  Post-Mortem
Certificate, 18 incised wounds were found on the body of the deceased  which
strengthen the prosecution case as to the overt act of the accused 1, 3  and
7.  Based on the confessional statement of the disclosure of  Dilawar  Singh
(A-1), Yash Pal (A-3) and Shamsher   Singh  (A-7)   cutters  were  recovered
and detection of human blood in those cutters also  lends  credence  to  the
prosecution case.
27.         Placing  reliance  on  the  evidence  of  DW-1,              Dr.
Ashwini Kumar feeble attempt was made to contend that serious  doubts  arise
about the prosecution case.  Of  course,  according  to  DW-1,  Dr.  Ashwini
Kumar who admitted injured Narinder  Singh   in  Ladwa  Hospital,  he  found
only five injuries on the person of  the injured and  he  opined  that   the
same had been caused by blunt weapon.  As per Post Mortem  Certificate    as
many as 18 incised wounds were found on the  body  of  Narinder  Singh.   As
held by the learned courts DW-1 did not examine the injuries on  the  person
of the injured in  right  perspective  and  did  not  correctly  record  the
injuries on the  person  of  Narinder  Singh.   Opinion  of  DW-1  that  the
injuries were the result of blunt weapon is false and  for  that  reason  he
has been rightly challaned by the police for the  offence  punishable  under
Section 218 IPC on the ground that he had  prepared  the  wound  certificate
falsely.  Reasonings contained in paragraphs 44 and 45 in  the  judgment  of
the Sessions Court sufficiently answer the arguments advanced on  behalf  of
the appellant and the evidence of DW-1 is of no assistance to  the  accused.

28.         The trial court and the High Court recorded concurrent  findings
holding that the appellants accused Dilawar Singh (A-1), Yash Pal (A-3)  and
Shamsher Singh (A-7) have committed the offences  punishable  under  Section
302 IPC read with Section 149 IPC and under Section 148 IPC.   It  has  been
repeatedly held  by this Court  that  even  though   powers  of  this  Court
under Article 136 of the Constitution  are  very wide, in  criminal  appeals
this Court does not interfere with the concurrent  findings of   fact,  save
in exceptional circumstances.
29.          Considering the scope of power of this Court under Article  136
of the Constitution in criminal appeals,  in the case
of Ganga Kumar Srivastava vs. State of  Bihar  (2005)  6  SCC  211,   it  is
observed:
“From the aforesaid series of decisions  of this Court on  the  exercise  of
power of the Supreme Court  under Article 136 of the Constitution  of  India
following principles emerge:-

      (i) The powers of this Court  under Article  136 of  the  Constitution
are very wide  but in criminal appeals  this  Court  does  not  interference
with the concurrent findings  of fact save  in exceptional  circumstances.
      (ii) It is open to this Court   to  interfere  with  the  findings  of
fact  given  by the High Court,  if the High  Court    has acted  perversely
 or otherwise  improperly.
      (iii) It is open to this  Court  to invoke  the  power  under  Article
136 only in very exceptional  circumstances as  and when  a question of  law
of general public importance  arises or a  decision  shocks  the  conscience
of the Court.
      (iv) When the evidence adduced by the prosecution  fell short  of  the
test  reliability and acceptability  and as  such it is  highly  unsafe   to
act upon it.
(v) Where  the appreciation of evidence  and  finding  is  vitiated  by  any
error of law or procedure  or found  contrary  to the principles of  natural
justice, errors of record  and misreading  of the evidence,  or  where   the
conclusions   of   the   High   Court    are   manifestly    perverse    and
unsupportable  from the evidence  on record.”


30.          In the case of Charanjit  & Ors. vs. State of Punjab  and  Anr.
(2013) 11 SCC 163, it was observed as under:-
“26. Thus, the trial court and the  High  Court   have  recorded  concurrent
findings  of facts holding  the appellants  guilty  of  the  offences  under
Sections 323/34, 504/34, 376(2) (a) and 376 (2) (g)  IPC and  the  appellant
Radha Krishan guilty  of the offence  under Section 342 IPC  also.   It  has
been repeatedly held by this Court  that even though  the  powers   of  this
Court  under Article 136 of the Constitution  are  very  wide,  in  criminal
appeals this Court does not interfere    with  the  concurrent  findings  of
facts, save in  exceptional  circumstances   where  there  has   been  grave
miscarriage    of justice {Sambhu Das v.  State  of  Assam   (2010)  10  SCC
374}.  As we have found that the concurrent findings of  facts  recorded  by
the trial court  and the High Court   in  this  case  are  based  on   legal
evidence and there is no miscarriage of justice as such by  the  two  courts
while arriving at the said findings, we are not   inclined  to  disturb  the
impugned  judgment  of the High Court  in exercise of our  discretion  under
Article 136 of the Constitution.”

31.          As we  have  found    that  the  concurrent  findings  of  fact
recorded by the trial court and the High  Court  qua  Dilawar  Singh  (A-1),
Yash Pal (A-3) and Shamsher Singh (A-7)    are based  on  evidence,  in  our
view, there is no miscarriage  of  justice   by  the  learned  courts  while
arriving at the said findings and  we are  not  inclined  to   disturb   the
impugned judgment  of the High Court in exercise of   our  discretion  under
Article 136 of the  Constitution.   The  appeal  preferred  by  the  Dilawar
Singh(A-1), Yash Pal (A-3) and Shamsher Singh (A-7)  fails   and  is  liable
to be dismissed.
32.         Appeals   against  Acquittal   qua  Balkar  Singh         (A-4),
Ranbir Singh (A-6)  and  Charan  Singh  (A-8):-   Being  aggrieved  by   the
acquittal of Balkar Singh (A-4), Ranbir Singh (A-6)  and Charan  Singh   (A-
8), State and Chanda Singh  have preferred Criminal Appeal No. 826/2010  and
Criminal Appeal No.  830/2010.
33.         A-6, Ranbir Singh  has put forth defence  plea  of  alibi.  A-6,
Ranbir Singh was a practising lawyer at Kurukshetra and he was working as  a
junior advocate in the office of  Senior  Advocate,  Mr.  S.C.  Sharma.  Mr.
Yudhvir Singh, advocate was examined as DW-6, who was also  practising  with
Mr. S.C.Sharma.  He stated that on the date  of  occurrence     A-6,  Ranbir
Singh was in the  office  of  Senior  Advocate  and  not  at  the  place  of
occurrence.  Trial Court has not accepted the plea of alibi  raised  by  him
only on the ground that the Senior Advocate with whom A-6, Ranbir Singh  was
practising was not examined.  The High Court  held  that  evidence  of  DW-6
cannot be doubted as there was no reason  to  disbelieve  him  and  plea  of
alibi taken by A-6, Ranbir Singh cannot be rejected on the ground  that  his
Senior Advocate Mr. S.C. Sharma was not examined and on  those  findings  as
recorded, High Court acquitted Ranbir Singh, the 6th  accused.   We  do  not
see any perversity in the appreciation of evidence  by  High  Court  and  we
find no substantial ground to interfere with  the  acquittal of A-6.
34.          Insofar  as  A-4,  Balkar  Singh  and  A-8,  Charan  Singh  are
concerned, the case of the prosecution is that A-4   gave  gandasi  blow  to
Narinder Singh on his left arm and A-8, Charan Singh gave a  blow  with  his
sword on the right leg of Narinder Singh.  PW-10, Dr. Surinder Singh  stated
that death of the deceased was caused by sharp edged weapon  and  could  not
have been caused by any blunt weapon. The High Court was of  the  view  that
the overt act of A-4, Balkar Singh  and  A-8,  Charan  Singh,  do  not  find
corroboration with medical evidence and on those  findings  the  High  Court
set aside the conviction of A-4, Balkar Singh  and  A-8,  Charan  Singh  and
acquitted them.
35.         The court of appeal would  not  ordinarily  interfere  with  the
order of acquittal unless the approach is vitiated by  manifest  illegality.
In an appeal against acquittal, this Court will not interfere with an  order
of acquittal merely because  on the evaluation of the evidence, a  different
plausible view may arise and   views  taken  by  the  courts  below  is  not
correct.  In other words, this  Court must come to the conclusion  that  the
views taken by the learned courts below, while  acquitting,  cannot  be  the
views of a reasonable person on the material on record.
36.         In Chandrappa and Ors. v. State of Karnataka (2007) 4  SCC  415,
the scope of power  of  appellate  court  dealing  with  an  appeal  against
acquittal has been considered and this Court held as under:
“42…..(4)   An appellate court, however, must bear in mind that in  case  of
acquittal, there is double presumption in favour of the  accused.   Firstly,
the presumption of innocence is  available  to  him  under  the  fundamental
principle of criminal jurisprudence that every person shall be  presumed  to
be innocent unless he  is  proved  guilty  by  a  competent  court  of  law.
Secondly, the accused having secured his acquittal, the presumption  of  his
innocence is further reinforced, reaffirmed and strengthened  by  the  trial
court.
(5)   If two reasonable  conclusions  are  possible  on  the  basis  of  the
evidence on record, the appellate court should not disturb  the  finding  of
acquittal recorded by the trial court.”


Unless there are substantial and compelling reasons, the order of  acquittal
is not required to be reversed in appeal.  It has been so  stated  in  State
of Rajasthan vs. Shera Ram (2012) 1 SCC 602.
37.         On evaluation of the evidence found  by  the  High  Court  while
recording an order of acquittal, in our  view,  does  not  suffer  from  any
infirmity or illegality or manifest error.  We see no  reason  to  interfere
with the order of acquittal of Accused 4, 6 and 8.
38.         We, therefore, do not find any merit in the appeal preferred  by
accused (A-1, Dilawar Singh), (A3, Yash Pal),  and  (A-7,  Shamsher  Singh).
The appeal fails and the same is dismissed.  The appeals  against  acquittal
preferred by the State and by Chanda Singh also are dismissed.

                                                              ………………………………J.
                                                               (T.S. Thakur)



                                                             ……………………………….J.
                                                              (R. Banumathi)

New Delhi;
September 16, 2014

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