REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL No. 5540 OF 2017
(Arising out of S.L.P.(c) No. 2771 of 2014)
J. Balaji Singh ….Appellant(s)
VERSUS
Diwakar Cole & Ors. ….Respondent(s)
J U D G M E N T
Abhay Manohar Sapre, J.
1) Leave granted.
2) This appeal is filed by the plaintiff against the final judgment and
order dated 26.09.2013 passed by the High Court of Judicature, Andhra
Pradesh at Hyderabad in Civil Misc. Appeal No.645 of 2012 whereby the
learned Single Judge of the High Court allowed the appeal filed by the
defendants (respondents herein) and set aside the judgment and decree dated
17.02.2012 passed by the Additional District Judge, Kadapa and confirmed
the judgment and decree dated 31.12.2009 passed by the Senior Civil Judge,
Kadapa in Original Suit No.62 of 2005.
3) Facts necessary for the disposal of the appeal, which lies in narrow
compass, need mention infra to appreciate the controversy involved in the
appeal.
4) The appellant is the plaintiff whereas the respondents are the
defendants in a civil suit out of which this appeal arises.
5) The appellant filed a civil suit being O.S. No.62 of 2005 before the
Senior Civil Judge, Kadapa against the respondents for declaration of his
title over the suit property (described in detail in the Schedule to the
plaint) and also sought permanent injunction against the respondents
restraining them from interfering in his possession over the suit property.
6) The respondents filed their respective written statements and denied
the appellant's claim over the suit property. The Trial Court framed issues
on law and facts on the basis of the pleadings for adjudicating the rights
of the parties arising in the case. The parties filed the documentary
evidence and adduced oral evidence in support of their respective case.
7) The Trial Court, vide judgment/decree dated 31.12.2009 in O.S. No.62
of 2005 dismissed the appellant's suit. Felt aggrieved, the appellant filed
first appeal being A.S. No.42 of 2010 before the VI Additional District
Judge, Kadapa. In appeal, the appellant filed one application (I.A. No. 211
of 2011) under Order 41 Rule 27 read with Section 151 of the Code of Civil
Procedure, 1908 (hereinafter referred to as “the Code") and sought
permission to file additional evidence (documents) in support of his case
which, according to him, was material and necessary for the proper disposal
of the suit. It was alleged that the additional evidence could not be
filed in suit at that time due to its non-availability with the plaintiff.
The respondents opposed the application.
8) The first Appellate Court, by judgment/decree dated 17.02.2012,
allowed the application (I.A.No.211 of 2011) filed by the appellant under
Order 41 Rule 27 read with Section 151 of the Code and then proceeded to
decide the appeal on merits. By his lengthy judgment (pages 97 to 129,
Annexure P-10 to SLP paper book) the first Appellate Judge allowed the
appeal, set aside the judgment/decree of the Trial Court and remanded the
case to the Trial Court for deciding the suit afresh on merits uninfluenced
by any of the observations made by him in the judgment. The parties were
granted liberty to adduce additional evidence in support of their case in
the Trial Court.
9) Felt aggrieved by the aforesaid judgment, the respondents
(defendants) filed C.M.A. No.645 of 2012 before the High Court under Order
43 Rule 1 (u) of the Code.
10) By impugned judgment, the learned Single Judge allowed the appeal,
set aside the judgment of the first Appellate Court and dismissed the suit
by restoring the judgment and decree of the Trial Court. Felt aggrieved,
the plaintiff has filed this appeal by way of special leave before this
Court.
11) Heard Mr. D. Bharat Kumar, learned counsel for the appellant and Mr.
Y. Raja Gopala Rao, learned counsel for the respondents.
12) Having heard learned Counsel for the parties and on perusal of the
record of the case, we are constrained to allow the appeal, set aside the
impugned judgment and remand the case to the Trial Court for deciding the
civil suit afresh on merits in accordance with law.
13) The question, which arises for consideration in this appeal, is
whether the High Court was justified in allowing the defendants’ appeal and
thereby justified in restoring the judgment/decree of the Trial Court which
had dismissed the suit. In other words, the questions which arose before
the High Court were, whether the first Appellate Court was justified in
setting aside the judgment/decree of the Trial Court; and if so, whether it
was justified in remanding the case to the Trial Court for fresh trial of
the suit in accordance with law. Another question, which fell for
consideration, was whether the first Appellate Court was justified in
allowing the application filed by the appellant (plaintiff) under Order 41
Rule 27 of the Code by which the plaintiff had sought permission to adduce
additional evidence in appeal in support of his case.
14) As is clear from mere perusal of the impugned judgment, we find that
the High Court recorded inconsistent finding insofar as it pertained to
Order 41 Rule 27 of the Code. In Para 26, it was held as under:
"26………….Assuming that the lower appellate Court felt that the additional
documents filed by the plaintiff in the appeal before it have some bearing
on the case, nothing prevented it from considering the same, giving
opportunity to both parties to lead evidence and deciding the appeal……."
15) Whereas in the other part of the judgment, the learned Single Judge
did not approve the approach of the first Appellate Court in granting
indulgence to the appellant to fill the lacuna by adducing evidence. Be
that as it may, having observed this, the High Court proceeded to examine
the case on merits and eventually allowed the appeal, set aside the
judgment of the first Appellate Court and restored the judgment/decree of
the Trial Court. The effect of the judgment of the High Court is that the
plaintiff's suit stands dismissed.
16) The main question, which fell for consideration before the High
Court, was whether the first Appellate Court was right in remanding the
case to the Trial Court for fresh trial on merits?
17) There are three provisions in the Code which deal with the power of
the Appellate Court to remand the case to the Trial Court. These provisions
are Order 41 Rules 23, 23-A, and 25.
18) So far as Order 41 Rule 23 is concerned, it enables the Appellate
Court to remand the case to the Trial Court when it finds that the Trial
Court has disposed of the suit upon a preliminary point. The Appellate
Court in such cases is empowered to direct the Trial Court to decide all
the issues on evidence on record.
19) So far as Rule 23-A is concerned, it enables the Appellate Court to
remand the case to the Trial Court when it finds that though the Trial
Court has disposed of the suit on all the issues but on reversal of the
decree in appeal, a re-trial is considered necessary by the Appellate
Court.
20) So far as Rule 25 is concerned, it enables the Appellate Court to
frame or try the issue if it finds that it is essential to the right
decision of the suit and was not framed by the Trial Court. The Appellate
Court in such case may, accordingly, frame the issues and refer the same to
the Trial Court to take the evidence and record the findings on such issues
and return to the Appellate Court for deciding the appeal. In such cases,
the Appellate Court retains the appeal to itself.
21) Now coming to the facts of the case, we are of the considered opinion
that once the first Appellate Court allowed the application under Order 41
Rule 27 of Code and took on record the additional evidence, it rightly set
aside the judgment/decree of the Trial Court giving liberty to the parties
to lead additional evidence in support of their case which, in turn,
enabled the Trial Court to decide the civil suit afresh on merits in the
light of entire evidence. The first Appellate Court was, therefore,
justified in taking recourse to powers conferred on the Appellate Court
under Order 41 Rule 23-A for remanding the case to the Trial Court. We find
no fault in exercise of such power by the first Appellate Court.
22) In our considered view, the only error which the first Appellate
Court committed was that it went on to record the findings on merits. In
our view, it was not necessary to do so while passing the order of remand.
The reason is that once the first Appellate Court formed an opinion to
remand the case, it was required to give reasons in support of the remand
order as to why the remand is called for in the case. Indeed, the remand
was made only to enable the Trial Court to decide the case on merits.
Therefore, there was no need to discuss much less record findings on
several issues on merits. It was totally uncalled for.
23) So far as the impugned order is concerned, the High Court, in our
view, committed jurisdictional error when it also again examined the case
on merits and set aside the judgment of the first Appellate Court and
restored the judgment of the Trial Court. The High Court, in our opinion,
should not have done this for the simple reason that it was only examining
the legality of the remand order in an appeal filed under Order 43 Rule
1(u) of the Code. Indeed, once the High Court came to a conclusion that
the remand order was bad in law then it could only remand the case to the
first Appellate Court with a direction to decide the first appeal on
merits.
24) The High Court failed to see that when the first Appellate Court
itself did not decide the appeal on merits and considered it proper to
remand the case to the Trial Court, a fortiori, the High Court had no
jurisdiction to decide the appeal on merits. Moreover, Order 43 Rule 1(u)
confers limited power on the High Court to examine only the legality and
correctness of the remand order of the first Appellate Court but not beyond
that. In other words, the High Court should have seen that Order 43 Rule
1(u) gives a limited power to examine the issue relating to legality of
remand order, as is clear from Order 43 Rule 1(u) which reads thus:-
“1(u) an order under rule 23 or rule 23A of Order XLI remanding a case,
where an appeal would lie from the decree of the Appellate Court”
25) It is well settled law that the jurisdiction to decide the appeal on
merits can be exercised by the Appellate Court only when the appeal is
filed under Section 96 or 100 of the Code against the decree. Such was not
the case here.
26) In the light of abovementioned discussion, we are of the opinion that
the High Court had no jurisdiction to consider much less deciding the
entire case of the parties on merits in such appeal.
27) We are also unable to agree with the High Court when it held that the
first Appellate Court instead of remanding the case to the Trial Court
should have heard the appeal on merits. This finding, in our view, is bad
in law for the reason that firstly, it was not possible for the first
Appellate Court to have recorded the evidence at the appellate stage.
Secondly, having regard to the nature of factual controversy involved and
keeping in view the nature of additional evidence filed which too needed to
be proved in evidence, it was not possible to retain the appeal to itself
and invite finding only on additional evidence by taking recourse to powers
under Rule 25; and lastly, wholesome remand, as directed by the first
Appellate Court, would enable the Trial Court to appreciate the entire
evidence in its proper perspective while deciding the suit afresh on
merits.
28) We are also unable to agree with the High Court when it reversed the
finding of the first Appellate Court, in so far as it pertained to
application filed by the plaintiff under Order 41 Rule 27 of the Code. In
our opinion, no fault could be found in the finding of the first Appellate
Court on this issue for the following reasons:
29) First, the additional evidence sought to be filed at the first
appellate stage was held to be material and necessary for proper
adjudication of the suit; and second, the reasons as to why it could not be
filed during the trial also found acceptance to the first Appellate Court.
30) In order to enable the parties to have fair trial in civil suit and
with a view to do substantial justice, the first Appellate Court, in our
view, rightly allowed the plaintiff to file the additional documents in
appeal which satisfied the requirements of Order 41 Rule 27 of the Code.
31) We cannot, therefore, concur with the reasoning and the conclusion
arrived at by the High Court in the light of reasoning mentioned above.
32) In view of foregoing discussion, we allow the appeal, set aside the
impugned order of the High Court and restore that of the first Appellate
Court with modification as mentioned in para 22.
33) Liberty is granted to the defendants to file in rebuttal any
additional evidence before the Trial Court in support of their case. The
Trial Court will allow the parties to lead oral evidence to prove
additional documentary evidence and then decide the suit afresh on merits
strictly on the basis of evidence in accordance with law without being
influenced by any observations made by the first Appellate Court, the High
Court and this Court in their respective orders passed in these
proceedings.
34) The Trial Court shall ensure disposal of the suit, as directed,
within six months as an outer limit. Parties to appear before the Trial
Court on 01.05.2017 to enable the Trial Court to decide the suit as
directed above.
………...................................J.
[R.K. AGRAWAL]
…...……..................................J.
[ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE]
New Delhi;
April 24, 2017
-----------------------
16
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL No. 5540 OF 2017
(Arising out of S.L.P.(c) No. 2771 of 2014)
J. Balaji Singh ….Appellant(s)
VERSUS
Diwakar Cole & Ors. ….Respondent(s)
J U D G M E N T
Abhay Manohar Sapre, J.
1) Leave granted.
2) This appeal is filed by the plaintiff against the final judgment and
order dated 26.09.2013 passed by the High Court of Judicature, Andhra
Pradesh at Hyderabad in Civil Misc. Appeal No.645 of 2012 whereby the
learned Single Judge of the High Court allowed the appeal filed by the
defendants (respondents herein) and set aside the judgment and decree dated
17.02.2012 passed by the Additional District Judge, Kadapa and confirmed
the judgment and decree dated 31.12.2009 passed by the Senior Civil Judge,
Kadapa in Original Suit No.62 of 2005.
3) Facts necessary for the disposal of the appeal, which lies in narrow
compass, need mention infra to appreciate the controversy involved in the
appeal.
4) The appellant is the plaintiff whereas the respondents are the
defendants in a civil suit out of which this appeal arises.
5) The appellant filed a civil suit being O.S. No.62 of 2005 before the
Senior Civil Judge, Kadapa against the respondents for declaration of his
title over the suit property (described in detail in the Schedule to the
plaint) and also sought permanent injunction against the respondents
restraining them from interfering in his possession over the suit property.
6) The respondents filed their respective written statements and denied
the appellant's claim over the suit property. The Trial Court framed issues
on law and facts on the basis of the pleadings for adjudicating the rights
of the parties arising in the case. The parties filed the documentary
evidence and adduced oral evidence in support of their respective case.
7) The Trial Court, vide judgment/decree dated 31.12.2009 in O.S. No.62
of 2005 dismissed the appellant's suit. Felt aggrieved, the appellant filed
first appeal being A.S. No.42 of 2010 before the VI Additional District
Judge, Kadapa. In appeal, the appellant filed one application (I.A. No. 211
of 2011) under Order 41 Rule 27 read with Section 151 of the Code of Civil
Procedure, 1908 (hereinafter referred to as “the Code") and sought
permission to file additional evidence (documents) in support of his case
which, according to him, was material and necessary for the proper disposal
of the suit. It was alleged that the additional evidence could not be
filed in suit at that time due to its non-availability with the plaintiff.
The respondents opposed the application.
8) The first Appellate Court, by judgment/decree dated 17.02.2012,
allowed the application (I.A.No.211 of 2011) filed by the appellant under
Order 41 Rule 27 read with Section 151 of the Code and then proceeded to
decide the appeal on merits. By his lengthy judgment (pages 97 to 129,
Annexure P-10 to SLP paper book) the first Appellate Judge allowed the
appeal, set aside the judgment/decree of the Trial Court and remanded the
case to the Trial Court for deciding the suit afresh on merits uninfluenced
by any of the observations made by him in the judgment. The parties were
granted liberty to adduce additional evidence in support of their case in
the Trial Court.
9) Felt aggrieved by the aforesaid judgment, the respondents
(defendants) filed C.M.A. No.645 of 2012 before the High Court under Order
43 Rule 1 (u) of the Code.
10) By impugned judgment, the learned Single Judge allowed the appeal,
set aside the judgment of the first Appellate Court and dismissed the suit
by restoring the judgment and decree of the Trial Court. Felt aggrieved,
the plaintiff has filed this appeal by way of special leave before this
Court.
11) Heard Mr. D. Bharat Kumar, learned counsel for the appellant and Mr.
Y. Raja Gopala Rao, learned counsel for the respondents.
12) Having heard learned Counsel for the parties and on perusal of the
record of the case, we are constrained to allow the appeal, set aside the
impugned judgment and remand the case to the Trial Court for deciding the
civil suit afresh on merits in accordance with law.
13) The question, which arises for consideration in this appeal, is
whether the High Court was justified in allowing the defendants’ appeal and
thereby justified in restoring the judgment/decree of the Trial Court which
had dismissed the suit. In other words, the questions which arose before
the High Court were, whether the first Appellate Court was justified in
setting aside the judgment/decree of the Trial Court; and if so, whether it
was justified in remanding the case to the Trial Court for fresh trial of
the suit in accordance with law. Another question, which fell for
consideration, was whether the first Appellate Court was justified in
allowing the application filed by the appellant (plaintiff) under Order 41
Rule 27 of the Code by which the plaintiff had sought permission to adduce
additional evidence in appeal in support of his case.
14) As is clear from mere perusal of the impugned judgment, we find that
the High Court recorded inconsistent finding insofar as it pertained to
Order 41 Rule 27 of the Code. In Para 26, it was held as under:
"26………….Assuming that the lower appellate Court felt that the additional
documents filed by the plaintiff in the appeal before it have some bearing
on the case, nothing prevented it from considering the same, giving
opportunity to both parties to lead evidence and deciding the appeal……."
15) Whereas in the other part of the judgment, the learned Single Judge
did not approve the approach of the first Appellate Court in granting
indulgence to the appellant to fill the lacuna by adducing evidence. Be
that as it may, having observed this, the High Court proceeded to examine
the case on merits and eventually allowed the appeal, set aside the
judgment of the first Appellate Court and restored the judgment/decree of
the Trial Court. The effect of the judgment of the High Court is that the
plaintiff's suit stands dismissed.
16) The main question, which fell for consideration before the High
Court, was whether the first Appellate Court was right in remanding the
case to the Trial Court for fresh trial on merits?
17) There are three provisions in the Code which deal with the power of
the Appellate Court to remand the case to the Trial Court. These provisions
are Order 41 Rules 23, 23-A, and 25.
18) So far as Order 41 Rule 23 is concerned, it enables the Appellate
Court to remand the case to the Trial Court when it finds that the Trial
Court has disposed of the suit upon a preliminary point. The Appellate
Court in such cases is empowered to direct the Trial Court to decide all
the issues on evidence on record.
19) So far as Rule 23-A is concerned, it enables the Appellate Court to
remand the case to the Trial Court when it finds that though the Trial
Court has disposed of the suit on all the issues but on reversal of the
decree in appeal, a re-trial is considered necessary by the Appellate
Court.
20) So far as Rule 25 is concerned, it enables the Appellate Court to
frame or try the issue if it finds that it is essential to the right
decision of the suit and was not framed by the Trial Court. The Appellate
Court in such case may, accordingly, frame the issues and refer the same to
the Trial Court to take the evidence and record the findings on such issues
and return to the Appellate Court for deciding the appeal. In such cases,
the Appellate Court retains the appeal to itself.
21) Now coming to the facts of the case, we are of the considered opinion
that once the first Appellate Court allowed the application under Order 41
Rule 27 of Code and took on record the additional evidence, it rightly set
aside the judgment/decree of the Trial Court giving liberty to the parties
to lead additional evidence in support of their case which, in turn,
enabled the Trial Court to decide the civil suit afresh on merits in the
light of entire evidence. The first Appellate Court was, therefore,
justified in taking recourse to powers conferred on the Appellate Court
under Order 41 Rule 23-A for remanding the case to the Trial Court. We find
no fault in exercise of such power by the first Appellate Court.
22) In our considered view, the only error which the first Appellate
Court committed was that it went on to record the findings on merits. In
our view, it was not necessary to do so while passing the order of remand.
The reason is that once the first Appellate Court formed an opinion to
remand the case, it was required to give reasons in support of the remand
order as to why the remand is called for in the case. Indeed, the remand
was made only to enable the Trial Court to decide the case on merits.
Therefore, there was no need to discuss much less record findings on
several issues on merits. It was totally uncalled for.
23) So far as the impugned order is concerned, the High Court, in our
view, committed jurisdictional error when it also again examined the case
on merits and set aside the judgment of the first Appellate Court and
restored the judgment of the Trial Court. The High Court, in our opinion,
should not have done this for the simple reason that it was only examining
the legality of the remand order in an appeal filed under Order 43 Rule
1(u) of the Code. Indeed, once the High Court came to a conclusion that
the remand order was bad in law then it could only remand the case to the
first Appellate Court with a direction to decide the first appeal on
merits.
24) The High Court failed to see that when the first Appellate Court
itself did not decide the appeal on merits and considered it proper to
remand the case to the Trial Court, a fortiori, the High Court had no
jurisdiction to decide the appeal on merits. Moreover, Order 43 Rule 1(u)
confers limited power on the High Court to examine only the legality and
correctness of the remand order of the first Appellate Court but not beyond
that. In other words, the High Court should have seen that Order 43 Rule
1(u) gives a limited power to examine the issue relating to legality of
remand order, as is clear from Order 43 Rule 1(u) which reads thus:-
“1(u) an order under rule 23 or rule 23A of Order XLI remanding a case,
where an appeal would lie from the decree of the Appellate Court”
25) It is well settled law that the jurisdiction to decide the appeal on
merits can be exercised by the Appellate Court only when the appeal is
filed under Section 96 or 100 of the Code against the decree. Such was not
the case here.
26) In the light of abovementioned discussion, we are of the opinion that
the High Court had no jurisdiction to consider much less deciding the
entire case of the parties on merits in such appeal.
27) We are also unable to agree with the High Court when it held that the
first Appellate Court instead of remanding the case to the Trial Court
should have heard the appeal on merits. This finding, in our view, is bad
in law for the reason that firstly, it was not possible for the first
Appellate Court to have recorded the evidence at the appellate stage.
Secondly, having regard to the nature of factual controversy involved and
keeping in view the nature of additional evidence filed which too needed to
be proved in evidence, it was not possible to retain the appeal to itself
and invite finding only on additional evidence by taking recourse to powers
under Rule 25; and lastly, wholesome remand, as directed by the first
Appellate Court, would enable the Trial Court to appreciate the entire
evidence in its proper perspective while deciding the suit afresh on
merits.
28) We are also unable to agree with the High Court when it reversed the
finding of the first Appellate Court, in so far as it pertained to
application filed by the plaintiff under Order 41 Rule 27 of the Code. In
our opinion, no fault could be found in the finding of the first Appellate
Court on this issue for the following reasons:
29) First, the additional evidence sought to be filed at the first
appellate stage was held to be material and necessary for proper
adjudication of the suit; and second, the reasons as to why it could not be
filed during the trial also found acceptance to the first Appellate Court.
30) In order to enable the parties to have fair trial in civil suit and
with a view to do substantial justice, the first Appellate Court, in our
view, rightly allowed the plaintiff to file the additional documents in
appeal which satisfied the requirements of Order 41 Rule 27 of the Code.
31) We cannot, therefore, concur with the reasoning and the conclusion
arrived at by the High Court in the light of reasoning mentioned above.
32) In view of foregoing discussion, we allow the appeal, set aside the
impugned order of the High Court and restore that of the first Appellate
Court with modification as mentioned in para 22.
33) Liberty is granted to the defendants to file in rebuttal any
additional evidence before the Trial Court in support of their case. The
Trial Court will allow the parties to lead oral evidence to prove
additional documentary evidence and then decide the suit afresh on merits
strictly on the basis of evidence in accordance with law without being
influenced by any observations made by the first Appellate Court, the High
Court and this Court in their respective orders passed in these
proceedings.
34) The Trial Court shall ensure disposal of the suit, as directed,
within six months as an outer limit. Parties to appear before the Trial
Court on 01.05.2017 to enable the Trial Court to decide the suit as
directed above.
………...................................J.
[R.K. AGRAWAL]
…...……..................................J.
[ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE]
New Delhi;
April 24, 2017
-----------------------
16
