REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.577 OF 2017
(ARISING OUT OF SLP(CRL.) No.287 OF 2017)
VINEET KUMAR & ORS. .... APPELLANTS
VERSUS
STATE OF U.P. & ANR. .... RESPONDENTS
J U D G M E N T
ASHOK BHUSHAN, J.
1. This appeal has been filed against the judgment dated 16.12.2016 of
the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad dismissing the Application filed
by the appellants under Section 482 Cr.P.C. Appellants had filed
Application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. for quashing the judgment and order
dated 03.08.2016 passed by Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate-IV,
Moradabad summoning the appellants for an offence under Section 452, 376(d)
and 323 IPC, as well as order dated 22.10.2016 passed by the District
Sessions Judge, Moradabad dismissing the Criminal Revision filed by the
appellants. The appellants shall hereinafter be referred to as accused and
respondent No.2 as complainant. The facts of the case as emerged from the
records need to be noted for deciding the issues raised in this appeal.
2. The accused have made several financial transactions with
complainant, Smt. Rekha Rani, her husband, Akhilesh Kumar and her son,
Ankur in the months of May, 2015. Accused No.3 gave Rs.9 lakh to husband
and son of the complainant for business purposes. An amount of Rs.7 lakh 50
thousand was given in cash to complainant and her husband by accused No.1.
Further, husband of complainant received Rs.3 lakh 60 thousand in cash and
Rs.2 lakh 40 thousand by cheque dated 29.05.2015 from accused No.1.
3. An agreement dated 29.05.2015 was signed by the husband of the
complainant and accused No.1 acknowledging the payment of Rs.3 lakh 60
thousand in cash and Rs.2 lakh 40 thousand by cheque. A cheque of Rs.6 lakh
was handed over by the husband of the complainant to accused No.1 to ensure
the re-payment. Another agreement between the complainant and accused No.1
was entered into on 01.06.2015 wherein it was acknowledged that complainant
and her husband had taken Rs.7 lakh 50 thousand in cash from accused No.1.
Earlier, husband of complainant took Rs.6 lakh from accused No.1. Parties
entered into an agreement agreeing with certain conditions. Third agreement
was entered into between the son of complainant and accused No.1 on
31.08.2015 wherein son of complainant acknowledged that his parents have
taken an amount of Rs.14 lakh 50 thousand. Complainant and her husband gave
cheques of Rs.6 lakh and Rs.8 lakh 50 thousand to accused No.1 drawn on
Prathama Bank, Kanth Branch, District Moradabad for recovery of the amount
given by the accused. Agreement noticed that the amount was borrowed with
promise to return the amount. The agreements were written on Non-Judicial
Stamp Papers which were not registered but contained signatures of the
parties mentioned therein.
4. Accused No.3 filed a complaint under Section 138 of Negotiable
Instruments Act being Complaint No.1587/2015 against husband and son of the
complainant with the allegation that amount of Rs.9 lakh was paid to the
opposite parties who had issued a cheque of Rs.9 lakh with the assurance
that the amount will be repaid by 22.08.2016. It was stated by accused No.3
in the complaint that after lapse of time when the amount was not paid, the
cheque was deposited which was returned back by the Bank with remark “No
Sufficient Balance”. When the opposite parties were contacted in this
regard, the opposite parties told not come to them. After giving a notice
on 05.09.2016, complaint was filed on 21.09.2015. Accused No.1 had also
filed an Application on 29.09.2015 under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. against the
complainant, her husband and son. Cheque given by son of the complainant of
Rs.6 lakh to accused No.2 was also dishonoured. Complaint filed by accused
No.1 under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act was registered as
Complaint No.3280/2015. Complaints against complainant, her husband and son
were filed in the month of September, 2015 alleging dishonoured of cheque
and complaint of non-payment of amount given to the complainant and her
husband and son.
5. On 30.10.2015 complainant filed an Application under Section 156(3)
Cr.P.C. against all the three accused alleging commission of offence under
Section 376(d),323 and 452 IPC. In the application allegation was made
against the accused that on 22.10.2015 at about 7.30 p.m. all the three
accused came to the house of the complainant. At that time she was alone in
the house. It was alleged that all the three accused started misbehaving
with her. They beat her with stick, fist and kick. Thereafter, accused,
Vineet and Nitendra raped her one by one while Sonu stood outside the room.
When Sonu told them about arrival of complaint's husband, all the three
accused fled away. It was further alleged that she went to the Police
Station on the same day but the Police did not register FIR. An order dated
03.11.2015 was passed by the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate-IV,
Moradabad for registration and investigation to the concerned Police
Station. On 06.11.2015, the First Information Report was registered being
No.251/2015 at Police Station Kanth, District Moradabad under Section
376(d), 323, 452 IPC against the accused. After registration of the case,
crime was investigated by Investigating Officer(IO). The IO recorded the
statements of complainant, her husband and mother-in-law. Complainant in
her statement repeated her allegation. It was further stated that she went
along with her husband to Police Station but report was not lodged. On next
day, she went to Government Hospital, Moradabad with her husband for
medical examination. Doctor conducted medical examination to external
injuries but refused to her internal examination. Husband and father-in-law
of the complainant also recorded statements. They stated that before they
arrived at the house, accused had already fled away. IO asked the
complainant “as to whether now she is ready to get done medical
examination”, husband of the complainant answered “no, now there is no
benefit out of medical examination. Now, I don't want to get my wife's
medical examination done as much time has been elapsed“. When the husband
was also asked some questions to get her wife medically examined following
answers were given by the husband:
"Question – Now get the medical examination of hour wife done so that
D.N.A. etc. proceeding could be done?
Ans.- This occurrence is of 22.10.2015 in the evening at 19.30 hrs. and
since then till now I have also have sexual intercourse with my wife
several times. Thus, now there is no benefit out of medical examination and
instead I myself will be positive.”
6. Before the IO, complainant, her husband, father-in-law and mother-in-
law all stated that at the time of occurrence there was no electricity.
7. The accused also recorded statement of various persons in support of
the claim of the accused that at the time alleged by the complainant they
were not present and till 9 p.m. they were with their friends in Dushehara
Mela. IO recorded the statement of certain persons who stated that accused
were with them till 9 p.m. on 22.10.2015.
8. Although, the complainant and her husband refused medical examination
when they are so asked by IO on 07.11.2015, but she got her medical
examination done on 20.11.2015. Pathology Report (filed at page 50 of paper
book) stated as : “No spermatozoa alive or dead are seeing the received
smears within sealed envelope”.
9. On 24.11.2015 complainant got her statement recorded under Section
164 Cr.P.C. In the statement the age of complainant was recorded as 47
years. In the statement the complainant repeated her allegations.
10. After statement under Section 164 Cr.P.C. was recorded, IO carried
out detailed investigation by recording statements of brother of
complainant's husband and his wife. Along with the complainant, the brother
of her husband as well as his wife were also staying in the same house at
the relevant time. The IO recorded the statement of Nikesh Kumar, brother
of complainant's husband. It is useful to extract below the statement of
brother of complainant's husband as recorded by the IO:
"Statement of Shri Nikesh Kumar son of Subhash Chandra Vishnoi
resident of Mohalla Vishanpura, Kasba Kanth is present. Upon enquiry has
stated that on 22.10.15 there was Dushehara Mela. I alongwith my children
had gone to see Mela(Fair) and had returned back to my house at 5.00-5.30
p.m. Rekha Rani is my real Bhabhi (sister-in-law). There has been monetary
transaction between Akhilesh and Vineet. Time to time my brother used to
borrow a sum of Rs.Two lakh, four lakh from Vineet and used to invest the
same in his business and then used to return. Now there has been inter-se
dispute among them owing to monetary transaction. On this dispute my sister-
in-law Rekha has instituted case against Vineet and others. It is not good
to mention such shameful facts and my sister-in-law has not done good.
There are young children in the family and there would be wrong effect of
these facts. I have spade my brother Akhilesh and father have also scolded
him. Now he is saying that mistake has been committed and whatever has
occurred has occurred. I and my wife have gone to Court. Moradabad and have
submitted our affidavit in the Court. We have mentioned the correct fact
therein. We will tell the same fact in the Court that no such occurrence
has taken place in our house. My Bhabhi Rekha has lodged a case in the
Court out of anger which is a false case.”
11. The wife of Nikesh Kumar, Smt. Bina Vishnoi also made the following
statement before the IO which is the part of the Case Diary:
"Statement of Smt.Bina Vishnoi w/o Nikesh Kumar resident of Mohalla
Vishanpura Kasba and P.S. Kanth is present. Upon enquiry, she has stated
that on 22.10.15 there was Dushehara festival and we after seeing Dushehara
Mela had returned back and came at our house at about 5.00 p.m. I had
opened my shop. I have a grocery shop. Most of transaction takes place in
the evening. Rekha is my elder real Jethani. My Jeth Akhilesh has monetary
transaction with Vineet and others. He used to borrow money Rs. Two lakh,
four lakh from Vineet to invest the same in his business and the returns
the same. Now what has happened I do not know and inter-se dispute has
cropped up among them and my Jethani has taken such a wrong step which does
not happens in our house. Our family and the family of Vineet are the
respected family of Mohalla and we have business and trade of lakh of
rupees. We have spade an scolded them. Our children are also growing to be
young. When you people visit it has effect on them. Now they are realising
the mistake. No occurrence of rape etc. has happened in our house and in
this regard the complete Mohalla will tender evidence. I have even appeared
in the Court and submitted an affidavit and will tell the true fact in the
Court.
Question- On 22.10.15 in the evening at 7.30 p.m. you were present at
your room/shop the whether you have heard any cry or had seen
Vineet coming or going?
Ans. - On 22.10.15 since 5.00 p.m. we were at our house and no one had come
in our house and Rekha has informed us. No such occurrence of rape could
take place in our house. You could enquire from our all neighbours.”
12. The affidavits were also given by Nikesh Kumar and Smt. Bina Vishnoi
who were residing in the same house. Smt. Bina Vishnoi is also running a
shop of General Store in one portion of the house. She stated that on the
date of occurrence Rekha Rani was in her parental house to celebrate
Dushehara and was not present at her house.
13. IO after completion of investigation and after taking into
consideration the materials collected during the investigation came to the
conclusion that no such incident took place on 22.10.2015 as alleged by the
complainant. Final Report No.40/15 was submitted by the IO on 29.11.2015
which is to the following effect:
“The First Information Report in the above mentioned incident was
registered on 6.11.2015 and the investigation was taken up by me. After
recording the statement of the witnesses and inspection of the place of
occurrence the allegation was found to be false by me. Therefore this final
report No.40/15 is being submitted for your consideration.”
14. After submission of Final Report on 29.11.2015 Police has also
submitted a further report before the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate
for initiating proceeding under Section 182 Cr.P.C. against the
complainant. Respondent No.2 moved Protest Petition dated 07.01.2016. It
was allowed by the Addl.CJM on 28.05.2016. An Application under Section 482
Cr.P.C. was filed before the High Court. It was allowed and order dated
28.05.2016 was set aside directing the Magistrate to pass fresh order. The
Magistrate passed again order dated 03.08.2016 summoned the accused.
Revision was filed before the Sessions Judge against the order dated
03.08.2016 which was dismissed by order dated 22.10.2016.
15. The accused filed Application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. to quash the
order dated 03.08.2016 and the order passed by the Sessions Judge. It was
prayed by the accused that orders were passed without appreciating the
evidence and material on records, they deserve to be set aside and the
Protest Petition be rejected. The High Court refused the prayer for
quashing the orders by making the following observations:
"From the perusal of the material on record and looking into the
facts of the case at this stage it cannot be said that no offence is made
out against the applicants. All the submission made at the Bar relates to
the dispute question of fact, which cannot be adjudicated upon by this
Court in exercise of power conferred under Section 482 Cr.P.C. at this
stage only prima facie case is to be seen in the light of the law laid down
by Supreme Court in case of R.P. Kapur Vs. State of Punjab, AIR 1960 SC
866, State of Haryana Vs. Bhajan Lal, 1992 SCC (Cr.)426, State of Bihar Vs.
R.P. Sharma, 1992 SCC (Cr.) 192 and lastly Zandu Pharmaceuticals Works Ltd.
Vs. Mohd. Saraful Haq and another (par 10) 205 SCC (Cr.) 283. The disputed
defence of the accused cannot be considered at this stage.”
16. Aggrieved by the above judgment of the High Court this appeal has
been filed.
17. Learned counsel for the appellants contended that criminal
proceedings initiated by the complainant in the facts of the present case
was malafide and falsely initiated to save complainant, her husband and son
from making repayment of the amount taken by them with regard to which
complaint under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act by the accused
were already filed and pending. After registration of case on Application
filed by the complainant under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C., the IO conducted
thorough investigation by recording the statements of complainant, her
husband as well as husband's brother and brother's wife. Various affidavits
were also received by the IO and after conducting investigation there was
sufficient materials to come to the conclusion that a story of alleged rape
was wholly false and no such incident had taken place as alleged by the
complainant. He has submitted a Final Report in the case which ought to
have been accepted by the learned Magistrate. It is contended that Protest
Petition has been allowed without adverting to the material collected by
the IO. The fact that the Application under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. itself
was filed after 8 days of alleged rape, there is no medical report to prove
the alleged rape, these were sufficient to discard the allegations made by
the complainant. Summoning of the accused of such serious offence cannot be
a mechanical exercise in the facts and circumstances of the case and
material collected during investigation which were part of the Final Report
were required to be adverted to by the Court while rejecting the Final
Report. Learned counsel submits that prosecution in the present case is a
clear abuse of the process of the Court and deserves to be set aside in
exercise of jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr.P.C. by the High Court.
18. Learned counsel appearing for the respondent No.2 refuting the
submission made by the learned counsel for the appellants contended that no
error has been committed by the Courts below in summoning the accused,
there was statement under Section 164 Cr.P.C. of the complainant where she
reiterated her case of rape by accused No.1 and 3. It is submitted that at
this stage the Court was not required to marshal the evidence and examine
the charge on merit and the High Court has rightly refused to exercise
jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr.P.C. to quash the criminal proceedings.
19. We have considered the submissions made by the parties and perused
the records.
20. Before we enter into the facts of the present case it is necessary to
consider the ambit and scope of jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr.P.C.
vested in the High Court. Section 482 Cr.P.C. saves the inherent power of
the High Court to make such orders as may be necessary to give effect to
any order under this Code, or to prevent abuse of the process of any Court
or otherwise to secure the ends of justice.
21. This Court time and again has examined scope of jurisdiction of High
Court under Section 482 Cr.P.C. and laid down several principles which
govern the exercise of jurisdiction of High Court under Section 482 Cr.P.C.
A three-Judge Bench of this Court in State of Karnataka vs. L. Muniswamy
and others, 1977 (2) SCC 699,held that the High Court is entitled to quash
a proceeding if it comes to the conclusion that allowing the proceeding to
continue would be an abuse of the process of the Court or that the ends of
justice require that the proceeding ought to be quashed. In paragraph 7 of
the judgment following has been stated:
“7....In the exercise of this wholesome power, the High Court is
entitled to quash a proceeding if it comes to the conclusion that allowing
the proceeding to continue would be an abuse of the process of the Court or
that the ends of justice require that the proceeding ought to be quashed.
The saving of the High Court’s inherent powers, both in civil and criminal
matters, is designed to achieve a salutary public purpose which is that a
court proceeding ought not to be permitted to degenerate into a weapon of
harassment or persecution. In a criminal case, the veiled object behind a
lame prosecution, the very nature of the material on which the structure of
the prosecution rests and the like would justify the High Court in quashing
the proceeding in the interest of justice. The ends of justice are higher
than the ends of mere law though justice has got to be administered
according to laws made by the legislature. The compelling necessity for
making these observations is that without a proper realisation of the
object and purpose of the provision which seeks to save the inherent powers
of the High Court to do justice, between the State and its subjects, it
would be impossible to appreciate the width and contours of that salient
jurisdiction.”
22. The judgment of this Court in State of Haryana and others vs. Bhajan
Lal and others, 1992 Supp (1) SCC 335, has elaborately considered the scope
and ambit of Section 482 Cr.P.C. Although in the above case this Court was
considering the power of the High Court to quash the entire criminal
proceeding including the FIR, the case arose out of an FIR registered under
Section 161, 165 IPC and Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act,
1947. This Court elaborately considered the scope of Section 482 CR.P.C./
Article 226 in the context of quashing the proceedings in criminal
investigation. After noticing various earlier pronouncements of this Court,
this Court enumerated certain Categories of cases by way of illustration
where power under 482 Cr.P.C. can be exercised to prevent abuse of the
process of the Court or secure ends of justice. Paragraph 102 which
enumerates 7 categories of cases where power can be exercised under Section
482 Cr.P.C. are extracted as follows:
“102. In the backdrop of the interpretation of the various relevant
provisions of the Code under Chapter XIV and of the principles of law
enunciated by this Court in a series of decisions relating to the exercise
of the extraordinary power under Article 226 or the inherent powers under
Section 482 of the Code which we have extracted and reproduced above, we
give the following categories of cases by way of illustration wherein such
power could be exercised either to prevent abuse of the process of any
court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice, though it may not be
possible to lay down any precise, clearly defined and sufficiently
channelised and inflexible guidelines or rigid formulae and to give an
exhaustive list of myriad kinds of cases wherein such power should be
exercised.
(1) Where the allegations made in the first information report or the
complaint, even if they are taken at their face value and accepted in their
entirety do not prima facie constitute any offence or make out a case
against the accused.
(2) Where the allegations in the first information report and other
materials, if any, accompanying the FIR do not disclose a cognizable
offence, justifying an investigation by police officers under Section
156(1) of the Code except under an order of a Magistrate within the purview
of Section 155(2) of the Code.
(3) Where the uncontroverted allegations made in the FIR or complaint and
the evidence collected in support of the same do not disclose the
commission of any offence and make out a case against the accused.
(4) Where, the allegations in the FIR do not constitute a cognizable
offence but constitute only a non-cognizable offence, no investigation is
permitted by a police officer without an order of a Magistrate as
contemplated under Section 155(2) of the Code.
(5) Where the allegations made in the FIR or complaint are so absurd and
inherently improbable on the basis of which no prudent person can ever
reach a just conclusion that there is sufficient ground for proceeding
against the accused.
(6) Where there is an express legal bar engrafted in any of the provisions
of the Code or the concerned Act (under which a criminal proceeding is
instituted) to the institution and continuance of the proceedings and/or
where there is a specific provision in the Code or the concerned Act,
providing efficacious redress for the grievance of the aggrieved party.
(7) Where a criminal proceeding is manifestly attended with mala fide
and/or where the proceeding is maliciously instituted with an ulterior
motive for wreaking vengeance on the accused and with a view to spite him
due to private and personal grudge.”
23. A three-Judge Bench in State of Karnataka vs. M. Devenderappa and
another, 2002 (3) SCC 89, had occasion to consider the ambit of Section 482
Cr.P.C. By analysing the scope of Section 482 Cr.P.C., this Court laid down
that authority of the Court exists for advancement of justice and if any
attempt is made to abuse that authority so as to produce injustice the
Court has power to prevent abuse. It further held that Court would be
justified to quash any proceeding if it finds that initiation/continuance
of it amounts to abuse of the process of Court or quashing of these
proceedings would otherwise serve the ends of justice. Following was laid
down in paragraph 6:
“6......All courts, whether civil or criminal possess, in the absence of
any express provision, as inherent in their constitution, all such powers
as are necessary to do the right and to undo a wrong in course of
administration of justice on the principle quando lex aliquid alicui
concedit, concedere videtur et id sine quo res ipsae esse non potest (when
the law gives a person anything it gives him that without which it cannot
exist). While exercising powers under the section, the court does not
function as a court of appeal or revision. Inherent jurisdiction under the
section though wide has to be exercised sparingly, carefully and with
caution and only when such exercise is justified by the tests specifically
laid down in the section itself. It is to be exercised ex debito justitiae
to do real and substantial justice for the administration of which alone
courts exist. Authority of the court exists for advancement of justice and
if any attempt is made to abuse that authority so as to produce injustice,
the court has power to prevent abuse. It would be an abuse of process of
the court to allow any action which would result in injustice and prevent
promotion of justice. In exercise of the powers court would be justified to
quash any proceeding if it finds that initiation/continuance of it amounts
to abuse of the process of court or quashing of these proceedings would
otherwise serve the ends of justice. When no offence is disclosed by the
complaint, the court may examine the question of fact. When a complaint is
sought to be quashed, it is permissible to look into the materials to
assess what the complainant has alleged and whether any offence is made out
even if the allegations are accepted in toto.”
Further in paragraph 8 following was stated:
“8.....Judicial process should not be an instrument of oppression, or,
needless harassment. Court should be circumspect and judicious in
exercising discretion and should take all relevant facts and circumstances
into consideration before issuing process, lest it would be an instrument
in the hands of a private complainant to unleash vendetta to harass any
person needlessly. At the same time the section is not an instrument handed
over to an accused to short-circuit a prosecution and bring about its
sudden death. The scope of exercise of power under Section 482 of the Code
and the categories of cases where the High Court may exercise its power
under it relating to cognizable offences to prevent abuse of process of any
court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice were set out in some
detail by this Court in State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal.”
24. In Sunder Babu and others vs. State of Tamil Nadu, 2009 (14) SCC 244,
this Court was considering the challenge to the order of the Madras High
Court where Application was under Section 482 Cr.P.C. to quash criminal
proceedings under Section 498A IPC and Section 4 of Dowry Prohibition Act,
1961. It was contended before this Court that the complaint filed was
nothing but an abuse of the process of law and allegations were unfounded.
The prosecuting agency contested the petition filed under Section 482
Cr.P.C. taking the stand that a bare perusal of the complaint discloses
commission of alleged offences and, therefore, it is not a case which
needed to be allowed. The High Court accepted the case of the prosecution
and dismissed the application. This Court referred to the judgment in
Bhajan Lal case (supra) and held that the case fell within Category 7. Apex
Court relying on Category 7 has held that Application under Section 482
deserved to be allowed and it quashed the proceedings.
25. In another case in Priya Vrat Singh and others vs. Shyam Ji Sahai,
2008 (8) SCC 232, this Court relied on Category 7 as laid down in State of
Haryana vs. Bhajan Lal(supra). In the above case the Allahabad High Court
had dismissed an Application filed under Section 482 Cr.P.C. to quash the
proceedings under Section 494, 120-B and 109 IPC and Section 3 and 4 of
Dowry Prohibition Act. After noticing the background facts and parameters
for exercise of power under Section 482 Cr.P.C. following was stated in
paragraphs 8 to 12:
“8. Further, it is pointed out that the allegation of alleged demand for
dowry was made for the first time in December 1994. In the complaint filed,
the allegation is that the dowry torture was made sometime in 1992. It has
not been explained as to why for more than two years no action was taken.
9. Further, it appears that in the complaint petition apart from the
husband, the mother of the husband, the subsequently married wife,
husband’s mother’s sister, husband’s brother-in-law and Sunita’s father
were impleaded as party. No role has been specifically ascribed to anybody
except the husband and that too of a dowry demand in February 1993 when the
complaint was filed on 6-12-1994 i.e. nearly after 22 months. It is to be
noted that in spite of service of notice, none has appeared on behalf of
Respondent 1.
10. The parameters for exercise of power under Section 482 have been laid
down by this Court in several cases.
11. “19. The section does not confer any new power on the High Court. It
only saves the inherent power which the Court possessed before the
enactment of the Code. It envisages three circumstances under which the
inherent jurisdiction may be exercised, namely, (i) to give effect to an
order under the Code, (ii) to prevent abuse of the process of court, and
(iii) to otherwise secure the ends of justice. It is neither possible nor
desirable to lay down any inflexible rule which would govern the exercise
of inherent jurisdiction. No legislative enactment dealing with procedure
can provide for all cases that may possibly arise. Courts, therefore, have
inherent powers apart from express provisions of law which are necessary
for proper discharge of functions and duties imposed upon them by law. That
is the doctrine which finds expression in the section which merely
recognises and preserves inherent powers of the High Courts. All courts,
whether civil or criminal, possess, in the absence of any express
provision, as inherent in their constitution, all such powers as are
necessary to do the right and to undo a wrong in course of administration
of justice on the principle quando lex aliquid alicui concedit, concedere
videtur id sine quo res ipsa esse non potest (when the law gives a person
anything it gives him that without which it cannot exist). While exercising
powers under the section, the Court does not function as a court of appeal
or revision. Inherent jurisdiction under the section though wide has to be
exercised sparingly, carefully and with caution and only when such exercise
is justified by the tests specifically laid down in the section itself. It
is to be exercised ex debito justitiae to do real and substantial justice
for the administration of which alone courts exist. Authority of the court
exists for advancement of justice and if any attempt is made to abuse that
authority so as to produce injustice, the court has power to prevent abuse.
It would be an abuse of process of the court to allow any action which
would result in injustice and prevent promotion of justice. In exercise of
the powers court would be justified to quash any proceeding if it finds
that initiation/continuance of it amounts to abuse of the process of court
or quashing of these proceedings would otherwise serve the ends of justice.
20. As noted above, the powers possessed by the High Court under Section
482 of the Code are very wide and the very plenitude of the power requires
great caution in its exercise. Court must be careful to see that its
decision in exercise of this power is based on sound principles. The
inherent power should not be exercised to stifle a legitimate prosecution.
The High Court being the highest court of a State should normally refrain
from giving a prima facie decision in a case where the entire facts are
incomplete and hazy, more so when the evidence has not been collected and
produced before the Court and the issues involved, whether factual or
legal, are of magnitude and cannot be seen in their true perspective
without sufficient material. Of course, no hard-and-fast rule can be laid
down in regard to cases in which the High Court will exercise its
extraordinary jurisdiction of quashing the proceeding at any stage.”
[See Janata Dal v. H.S. Chowdhary, Raghubir Saran (Dr.) v. State of Bihar
and Minu Kumari v. State of Bihar, SCC p. 366, paras 19-20.]
12. The present case appears to be one where Category 7 of the
illustrations given in State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal is clearly
applicable.
26. From the material on records, following facts are disclosed from the
sequence of events which preceded the registration of FIR on 06.11.2015.
The complainant, her husband and son had taken different amounts totalling
Rs.22 lakh 50 thousand in the month of May, 2015 for business/shop purposes
from the accused. Three agreements were written on Non-Judicial Stamp
Papers on 29.05.2015, 01.06.2015 and 31.08.2015 wherein complainant, her
husband and son have acknowledged receipt of the money in cash as well as
by cheque. Cheques of Rs. 6 lakh, Rs.14 lakh 50 thousand were given to
accused for ensuring the repayment. Cheques were drawn on the Prathama
Bank, Kanth Branch, District Moradabad. Cheques were deposited in the Bank
which were returned with endorsements “No Sufficient Balance”. After
cheques having been dishonoured, complaints under Section 138 of Negotiable
Instruments Act were filed by the accused against the husband and son of
the complainant which were registered in the month of September/October and
were pending before alleged incident dated 22.10.2015.
27. The complainant alleges rape by the accused on 22.10.2015 at 7.30
p.m. at her house and alleges that on the same day she went to the Police
Station but FIR was not registered. She states that after sending an
application on 26.10.2015 to the SSP, she filed an Application under
Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. before the Magistrate. There is no medical report
obtained by the complainant except medical report dated 20.11.2015. IO on
07.11.2015 when asked the complainant to get medical examination done,
complainant and her husband refused. The incident having taken place on
22.10.2015 at 7.30 p.m. nothing was done by the complainant and her husband
till 26.10.2015 when she alleges the Application was sent to SSP.
28. During investigation, IO has recorded the statements of brother of
complainant's husband as well as Smt. Bina Vishnoi, the wife of husband's
brother who were residing in the same house and have categorically denied
that any incident happened in their house. Both, in their statements and
affidavits have condemned the complainant for lodging a false report.
29. IO collected affidavits of several persons including affidavits of
Nikesh Kumar and Smt. Bina Vishnoi and on collecting the entire material
and visiting the spot IO had come to the conclusion that no such incident
took place and submitted a Final Report dated 29.11.2015. On 29.11.2015
itself, the IO has submitted another report for prosecution of complainant
under Section 182 Cr.P.C. for giving false information to the Police.
30. After submission of Final Report and submissions of Report under
Section 182 Cr.P.C. dated 29.11.2015 complainant filed a Protest Petition
on 07.01.2016.
31. It is true that in the statement under Section 164 Cr.P.C, the
complainant repeated her allegation. Complainant has also recorded her age
in the statement as 47 years.
32. The Magistrate in allowing the Protest Petition only considered the
submission made by the State while summoning the accused in paragraph 6
which is to the following effect:
"6. In compliance with the order passed by the Hon'ble High Court and
from the perusal of evidence and entire case diary this Court comes to the
conclusion that the complainant is required to be registered as police
complainant and there are sufficient grounds to summon the accused Vinit
Kumar, Sonu and Nitendra for their trial under Section 376D, 323 and 352 of
Indian Penal Code.”
33. Learned Sessions Judge has also affirmed order taking note of
statement under Section 164 Cr.P.C.
34. There was sufficient material on record to indicate that there were
financial transactions between the accused and complainant, her husband and
son. On dishonour of cheques issued by the complaint's husband and son
proceedings under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act were already
initiated by the accused. All family members of the complainant were living
in the same house. Brother of husband and his wife, in their statements
before the IO have admitted monetary transactions of his brother with the
accused. The statements before the IO of both the Nikesh Kumar and Smt.
Bina Vishnoi have already been extracted above, which were part of the Case
Diary and was material which ought to have been looked into which was
submitted by the IO in the Final Report.
35. The fact is that no medical examination was got done on the date of
incident or even on the next day or on 07.11.2015, when IO asked the
complainant and her husband to get done the medical examination.
Subsequently it was done on 20.11.2015, which was wholly irrelevant. Apart
from bald assertions by the complainant that all accused have raped, there
was nothing which could have led the Courts to form an opinion that present
case is fit a case of prosecution which ought to be launched. We are
conscious that statement given by the prosecutrix/complainant under Section
164 Cr.P.C. is not to be lightly brushed away but the statement was
required to be considered along with antecedents, facts and circumstances
as noted above. Reference to the judgment of this Court in Prashant Bharti
vs. State(NCT of Delhi), 2013 (9) SCC 293, is relevant for the present
case. In the above case the complainant lady aged 21 years lodged an FIR
under Section 328 and 354 IPC with regard to the incident dated 15.02.2007.
She sent a telephonic information on 16.02.2007 and on her statement FIR
under Sections 328 and 354 IPC was registered against the appellant. After
a lapse of five days on 21.02.2007 she gave a supplementary statement
alleging rape by the appellant on 23.12.2006, 25.12.2006 and 01.01.2007.
Statement under Section 164 Cr.P.C. of the prosecutrix was recorded. Police
filed charge-sheet under Section 328, 324 and 376 IPC. Charge-sheet
although mentioned that no proof in support of crime under Section 328/354
could be found. However, on the ground of statement made under Section 164
Cr.P.C. charge-sheet was submitted. Paragraph 10 of the judgment which
notes the charge-sheet is as follows:
“ 10. On 28.6.2007, the police filed a chargesheet under Sections
328,354 and 376 of the Indian Penal Code. In the chargesheet, it was
clearly mentioned, that the police investigation, from different angles,
had not yielded any positive result. However, the chargesheet was based on
the statement made by the complainant/prosecuterix before the Metropolitan
Magistrate, New Delhi under Section 164 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
which was found to be sufficient for the charges alleged - against the
appellant-accused. A relevant extract of the chargesheet depicting the
aforesaid factual position, is being reproduced below:-
“I the Inspector, tried my best from all angles to recover the intoxicating
substance/Pepsi/Pepsi glass and undergarments worn at the time of the rape.
But nothing could be recovered and for this reason, the blood sample of
accused could not be sent to FSL. As from the investigation so far
conducted, no proof could be found in support of the crime under Section
328/354 IPC and even the position of accused Prashant Bharti is not
available at Lodhi Colony at the date and time as his mobile phone ill.
However, prosecuterix Priya Porwal made statement on 21.2.2007 and on
27.2.2007 under Section 164 Cr.P.C. which is sufficient in support of his
challan for the offence under Section 376 IPC.”
(emphasis supplied)”
36. Writ petition was filed by the accused for quashing the FIR which was
dismissed by the High Court on 27.08.2007. Thereafter, charges were framed
on 01.12.2008. Dissatisfied with the framing of charges Criminal Revision
Petition was filed which was dismissed by Delhi High Cort on 16.01.2009.
The order of Additional Sessions Judge has been extracted by this Court in
paragraph 14 which is quoted below:
“14. Dissatisfied with the action of the trial Court in framing charges
against him, the appellant-accused filed Criminal Revision Petition no. 08
of 2009, whereby he assailed the order dated 1.12.2008 passed by the
Additional Sessions Judge, New Delhi. The Delhi High Court dismissed the
revision petition on 16.1.2009, by inter alia observing as under:-
“12. Truthfulness or falsity of the allegations, essentially pertains to
the realm of evidence and the same cannot be pre-judged at this initial
stage. I do not find any illegality or infirmity in the impugned order.
Consequently, this Revision Petition is dismissed in limine while making it
clear that anything herein shall not be construed as an opinion on merits
at trial.””
37. The appeal was filed against the aforesaid judgment of the High Court
by the accused contending that there was sufficient material collected in
the investigation which proved that allegations were unfounded and the
prosecution of the appellant was an abuse of process of the Court. In
paragraph 23 this Court noted several circumstances on the basis of which
this Court held that judicial conscience of the High Court ought to have
persuaded it to quash the criminal proceedings. This Court further noticed
that Investigating Officer has acknowledged, that he could not find any
proof to substantiate the charges. The charge-sheet had been filed only on
the basis of the statement of the complainant/prosecutrix under Section 164
Cr.P.C. In paragraphs 24 and 25 of the judgment following was stated:
“24. Most importantly, as against the aforesaid allegations, no pleadings
whatsoever have been filed by the complainant. Even during the course of
hearing, the material relied upon by the accused was not refuted. As a
matter of fact, the complainant/prosecutrix had herself approached the High
Court, with the prayer that the first information lodged by her, be
quashed. It would therefore be legitimate to conclude, in the facts and
circumstances of this case, that the material relied upon by the accused
has not been refuted by the complainant/prosecutrix. Even in the charge
sheet dated 28.6.2007, (extracted above) the investigating officer has
acknowledged, that he could not find any proof to substantiate the charges.
The charge-sheet had been filed only on the basis of the statement of the
complainant/prosecutrix under Section 164 of the Cr.P.C.
25. Based on the holistic consideration of the facts and circumstances
summarized in the foregoing two paragraphs; we are satisfied, that all the
steps delineated by this Court in Rajiv Thapar’s case (supra) stand -
satisfied. All the steps can only be answered in the affirmative. We
therefore have no hesitation whatsoever in concluding, that judicial
conscience of the High Court ought to have persuaded it, on the basis of
the material available before it, while passing the impugned order, to
quash the criminal proceedings initiated against the accused-appellant, in
exercise of the inherent powers vested with it under Section 482 of the
Cr.P.C. Accordingly, based on the conclusions drawn hereinabove, we are
satisfied, that the first information report registered under Sections
328, 354and 376 of the Indian Penal Code against the appellant-accused, and
the consequential chargesheet dated 28.6.2007, as also the framing of
charges by the Additional Sessions Judge, New Delhi on 1.12.2008, deserves
to be quashed. The same are accordingly quashed.”
38. Thus, above was the case where despite statement under Section 164
Cr.P.C. by prosecutrix the Court referring to material collected during
investigation had held that the case was fit where the High Court ought to
have quashed the criminal proceedings.
39. Inherent power given to the High Court under Section 482 Cr.P.C. is
with the purpose and object of advancement of justice. In case solemn
process of Court is sought to be abused by a person with some oblique
motive, the Court has to thwart the attempt at the very threshold. The
Court cannot permit a prosecution to go on if the case falls in one of the
Categories as illustratively enumerated by this Court in State of Haryana
vs. Bhajan Lal. Judicial process is a solemn proceeding which cannot be
allowed to be converted into an instrument of operation or harassment. When
there are material to indicate that a criminal proceeding is manifestly
attended with mala fide and proceeding is maliciously instituted with an
ulterior motive, the High Court will not hesitate in exercise of its
jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr.P.C. to quash the proceeding under
Category 7 as enumerated in State of Haryana vs. Bhajan Lal, which is to
the following effect:
“(7) Where a criminal proceeding is manifestly attended with mala fide
and/or where the proceeding is maliciously instituted with an ulterior
motive for wreaking vengeance on the accused and with a view to spite him
due to private and personal grudge.”
Above Category 7 is clearly attracted in the facts of the present case.
Although, the High Court has noted the judgment of the State of Haryana vs.
Bhajan Lal, but did not advert to the relevant facts of the present case,
materials on which Final Report was submitted by the IO. We, thus, are
fully satisfied that the present is a fit case where High Court ought to
have exercised its jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr. P.C. and quashed the
criminal proceedings.
40. In the result, appeal is allowed, the judgment of the High Court
dated 16.12.2016 as well as the order of Additional Chief Judicial
Magistrate dated 03.08.2016 and the order of the Sessions Judge dated
22.10.2016 including the entire criminal proceedings are quashed.
.....................J.
( A. K. SIKRI )
.....................J.
( ASHOK BHUSHAN )
New Delhi,
March 31,2017.
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.577 OF 2017
(ARISING OUT OF SLP(CRL.) No.287 OF 2017)
VINEET KUMAR & ORS. .... APPELLANTS
VERSUS
STATE OF U.P. & ANR. .... RESPONDENTS
J U D G M E N T
ASHOK BHUSHAN, J.
1. This appeal has been filed against the judgment dated 16.12.2016 of
the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad dismissing the Application filed
by the appellants under Section 482 Cr.P.C. Appellants had filed
Application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. for quashing the judgment and order
dated 03.08.2016 passed by Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate-IV,
Moradabad summoning the appellants for an offence under Section 452, 376(d)
and 323 IPC, as well as order dated 22.10.2016 passed by the District
Sessions Judge, Moradabad dismissing the Criminal Revision filed by the
appellants. The appellants shall hereinafter be referred to as accused and
respondent No.2 as complainant. The facts of the case as emerged from the
records need to be noted for deciding the issues raised in this appeal.
2. The accused have made several financial transactions with
complainant, Smt. Rekha Rani, her husband, Akhilesh Kumar and her son,
Ankur in the months of May, 2015. Accused No.3 gave Rs.9 lakh to husband
and son of the complainant for business purposes. An amount of Rs.7 lakh 50
thousand was given in cash to complainant and her husband by accused No.1.
Further, husband of complainant received Rs.3 lakh 60 thousand in cash and
Rs.2 lakh 40 thousand by cheque dated 29.05.2015 from accused No.1.
3. An agreement dated 29.05.2015 was signed by the husband of the
complainant and accused No.1 acknowledging the payment of Rs.3 lakh 60
thousand in cash and Rs.2 lakh 40 thousand by cheque. A cheque of Rs.6 lakh
was handed over by the husband of the complainant to accused No.1 to ensure
the re-payment. Another agreement between the complainant and accused No.1
was entered into on 01.06.2015 wherein it was acknowledged that complainant
and her husband had taken Rs.7 lakh 50 thousand in cash from accused No.1.
Earlier, husband of complainant took Rs.6 lakh from accused No.1. Parties
entered into an agreement agreeing with certain conditions. Third agreement
was entered into between the son of complainant and accused No.1 on
31.08.2015 wherein son of complainant acknowledged that his parents have
taken an amount of Rs.14 lakh 50 thousand. Complainant and her husband gave
cheques of Rs.6 lakh and Rs.8 lakh 50 thousand to accused No.1 drawn on
Prathama Bank, Kanth Branch, District Moradabad for recovery of the amount
given by the accused. Agreement noticed that the amount was borrowed with
promise to return the amount. The agreements were written on Non-Judicial
Stamp Papers which were not registered but contained signatures of the
parties mentioned therein.
4. Accused No.3 filed a complaint under Section 138 of Negotiable
Instruments Act being Complaint No.1587/2015 against husband and son of the
complainant with the allegation that amount of Rs.9 lakh was paid to the
opposite parties who had issued a cheque of Rs.9 lakh with the assurance
that the amount will be repaid by 22.08.2016. It was stated by accused No.3
in the complaint that after lapse of time when the amount was not paid, the
cheque was deposited which was returned back by the Bank with remark “No
Sufficient Balance”. When the opposite parties were contacted in this
regard, the opposite parties told not come to them. After giving a notice
on 05.09.2016, complaint was filed on 21.09.2015. Accused No.1 had also
filed an Application on 29.09.2015 under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. against the
complainant, her husband and son. Cheque given by son of the complainant of
Rs.6 lakh to accused No.2 was also dishonoured. Complaint filed by accused
No.1 under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act was registered as
Complaint No.3280/2015. Complaints against complainant, her husband and son
were filed in the month of September, 2015 alleging dishonoured of cheque
and complaint of non-payment of amount given to the complainant and her
husband and son.
5. On 30.10.2015 complainant filed an Application under Section 156(3)
Cr.P.C. against all the three accused alleging commission of offence under
Section 376(d),323 and 452 IPC. In the application allegation was made
against the accused that on 22.10.2015 at about 7.30 p.m. all the three
accused came to the house of the complainant. At that time she was alone in
the house. It was alleged that all the three accused started misbehaving
with her. They beat her with stick, fist and kick. Thereafter, accused,
Vineet and Nitendra raped her one by one while Sonu stood outside the room.
When Sonu told them about arrival of complaint's husband, all the three
accused fled away. It was further alleged that she went to the Police
Station on the same day but the Police did not register FIR. An order dated
03.11.2015 was passed by the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate-IV,
Moradabad for registration and investigation to the concerned Police
Station. On 06.11.2015, the First Information Report was registered being
No.251/2015 at Police Station Kanth, District Moradabad under Section
376(d), 323, 452 IPC against the accused. After registration of the case,
crime was investigated by Investigating Officer(IO). The IO recorded the
statements of complainant, her husband and mother-in-law. Complainant in
her statement repeated her allegation. It was further stated that she went
along with her husband to Police Station but report was not lodged. On next
day, she went to Government Hospital, Moradabad with her husband for
medical examination. Doctor conducted medical examination to external
injuries but refused to her internal examination. Husband and father-in-law
of the complainant also recorded statements. They stated that before they
arrived at the house, accused had already fled away. IO asked the
complainant “as to whether now she is ready to get done medical
examination”, husband of the complainant answered “no, now there is no
benefit out of medical examination. Now, I don't want to get my wife's
medical examination done as much time has been elapsed“. When the husband
was also asked some questions to get her wife medically examined following
answers were given by the husband:
"Question – Now get the medical examination of hour wife done so that
D.N.A. etc. proceeding could be done?
Ans.- This occurrence is of 22.10.2015 in the evening at 19.30 hrs. and
since then till now I have also have sexual intercourse with my wife
several times. Thus, now there is no benefit out of medical examination and
instead I myself will be positive.”
6. Before the IO, complainant, her husband, father-in-law and mother-in-
law all stated that at the time of occurrence there was no electricity.
7. The accused also recorded statement of various persons in support of
the claim of the accused that at the time alleged by the complainant they
were not present and till 9 p.m. they were with their friends in Dushehara
Mela. IO recorded the statement of certain persons who stated that accused
were with them till 9 p.m. on 22.10.2015.
8. Although, the complainant and her husband refused medical examination
when they are so asked by IO on 07.11.2015, but she got her medical
examination done on 20.11.2015. Pathology Report (filed at page 50 of paper
book) stated as : “No spermatozoa alive or dead are seeing the received
smears within sealed envelope”.
9. On 24.11.2015 complainant got her statement recorded under Section
164 Cr.P.C. In the statement the age of complainant was recorded as 47
years. In the statement the complainant repeated her allegations.
10. After statement under Section 164 Cr.P.C. was recorded, IO carried
out detailed investigation by recording statements of brother of
complainant's husband and his wife. Along with the complainant, the brother
of her husband as well as his wife were also staying in the same house at
the relevant time. The IO recorded the statement of Nikesh Kumar, brother
of complainant's husband. It is useful to extract below the statement of
brother of complainant's husband as recorded by the IO:
"Statement of Shri Nikesh Kumar son of Subhash Chandra Vishnoi
resident of Mohalla Vishanpura, Kasba Kanth is present. Upon enquiry has
stated that on 22.10.15 there was Dushehara Mela. I alongwith my children
had gone to see Mela(Fair) and had returned back to my house at 5.00-5.30
p.m. Rekha Rani is my real Bhabhi (sister-in-law). There has been monetary
transaction between Akhilesh and Vineet. Time to time my brother used to
borrow a sum of Rs.Two lakh, four lakh from Vineet and used to invest the
same in his business and then used to return. Now there has been inter-se
dispute among them owing to monetary transaction. On this dispute my sister-
in-law Rekha has instituted case against Vineet and others. It is not good
to mention such shameful facts and my sister-in-law has not done good.
There are young children in the family and there would be wrong effect of
these facts. I have spade my brother Akhilesh and father have also scolded
him. Now he is saying that mistake has been committed and whatever has
occurred has occurred. I and my wife have gone to Court. Moradabad and have
submitted our affidavit in the Court. We have mentioned the correct fact
therein. We will tell the same fact in the Court that no such occurrence
has taken place in our house. My Bhabhi Rekha has lodged a case in the
Court out of anger which is a false case.”
11. The wife of Nikesh Kumar, Smt. Bina Vishnoi also made the following
statement before the IO which is the part of the Case Diary:
"Statement of Smt.Bina Vishnoi w/o Nikesh Kumar resident of Mohalla
Vishanpura Kasba and P.S. Kanth is present. Upon enquiry, she has stated
that on 22.10.15 there was Dushehara festival and we after seeing Dushehara
Mela had returned back and came at our house at about 5.00 p.m. I had
opened my shop. I have a grocery shop. Most of transaction takes place in
the evening. Rekha is my elder real Jethani. My Jeth Akhilesh has monetary
transaction with Vineet and others. He used to borrow money Rs. Two lakh,
four lakh from Vineet to invest the same in his business and the returns
the same. Now what has happened I do not know and inter-se dispute has
cropped up among them and my Jethani has taken such a wrong step which does
not happens in our house. Our family and the family of Vineet are the
respected family of Mohalla and we have business and trade of lakh of
rupees. We have spade an scolded them. Our children are also growing to be
young. When you people visit it has effect on them. Now they are realising
the mistake. No occurrence of rape etc. has happened in our house and in
this regard the complete Mohalla will tender evidence. I have even appeared
in the Court and submitted an affidavit and will tell the true fact in the
Court.
Question- On 22.10.15 in the evening at 7.30 p.m. you were present at
your room/shop the whether you have heard any cry or had seen
Vineet coming or going?
Ans. - On 22.10.15 since 5.00 p.m. we were at our house and no one had come
in our house and Rekha has informed us. No such occurrence of rape could
take place in our house. You could enquire from our all neighbours.”
12. The affidavits were also given by Nikesh Kumar and Smt. Bina Vishnoi
who were residing in the same house. Smt. Bina Vishnoi is also running a
shop of General Store in one portion of the house. She stated that on the
date of occurrence Rekha Rani was in her parental house to celebrate
Dushehara and was not present at her house.
13. IO after completion of investigation and after taking into
consideration the materials collected during the investigation came to the
conclusion that no such incident took place on 22.10.2015 as alleged by the
complainant. Final Report No.40/15 was submitted by the IO on 29.11.2015
which is to the following effect:
“The First Information Report in the above mentioned incident was
registered on 6.11.2015 and the investigation was taken up by me. After
recording the statement of the witnesses and inspection of the place of
occurrence the allegation was found to be false by me. Therefore this final
report No.40/15 is being submitted for your consideration.”
14. After submission of Final Report on 29.11.2015 Police has also
submitted a further report before the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate
for initiating proceeding under Section 182 Cr.P.C. against the
complainant. Respondent No.2 moved Protest Petition dated 07.01.2016. It
was allowed by the Addl.CJM on 28.05.2016. An Application under Section 482
Cr.P.C. was filed before the High Court. It was allowed and order dated
28.05.2016 was set aside directing the Magistrate to pass fresh order. The
Magistrate passed again order dated 03.08.2016 summoned the accused.
Revision was filed before the Sessions Judge against the order dated
03.08.2016 which was dismissed by order dated 22.10.2016.
15. The accused filed Application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. to quash the
order dated 03.08.2016 and the order passed by the Sessions Judge. It was
prayed by the accused that orders were passed without appreciating the
evidence and material on records, they deserve to be set aside and the
Protest Petition be rejected. The High Court refused the prayer for
quashing the orders by making the following observations:
"From the perusal of the material on record and looking into the
facts of the case at this stage it cannot be said that no offence is made
out against the applicants. All the submission made at the Bar relates to
the dispute question of fact, which cannot be adjudicated upon by this
Court in exercise of power conferred under Section 482 Cr.P.C. at this
stage only prima facie case is to be seen in the light of the law laid down
by Supreme Court in case of R.P. Kapur Vs. State of Punjab, AIR 1960 SC
866, State of Haryana Vs. Bhajan Lal, 1992 SCC (Cr.)426, State of Bihar Vs.
R.P. Sharma, 1992 SCC (Cr.) 192 and lastly Zandu Pharmaceuticals Works Ltd.
Vs. Mohd. Saraful Haq and another (par 10) 205 SCC (Cr.) 283. The disputed
defence of the accused cannot be considered at this stage.”
16. Aggrieved by the above judgment of the High Court this appeal has
been filed.
17. Learned counsel for the appellants contended that criminal
proceedings initiated by the complainant in the facts of the present case
was malafide and falsely initiated to save complainant, her husband and son
from making repayment of the amount taken by them with regard to which
complaint under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act by the accused
were already filed and pending. After registration of case on Application
filed by the complainant under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C., the IO conducted
thorough investigation by recording the statements of complainant, her
husband as well as husband's brother and brother's wife. Various affidavits
were also received by the IO and after conducting investigation there was
sufficient materials to come to the conclusion that a story of alleged rape
was wholly false and no such incident had taken place as alleged by the
complainant. He has submitted a Final Report in the case which ought to
have been accepted by the learned Magistrate. It is contended that Protest
Petition has been allowed without adverting to the material collected by
the IO. The fact that the Application under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. itself
was filed after 8 days of alleged rape, there is no medical report to prove
the alleged rape, these were sufficient to discard the allegations made by
the complainant. Summoning of the accused of such serious offence cannot be
a mechanical exercise in the facts and circumstances of the case and
material collected during investigation which were part of the Final Report
were required to be adverted to by the Court while rejecting the Final
Report. Learned counsel submits that prosecution in the present case is a
clear abuse of the process of the Court and deserves to be set aside in
exercise of jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr.P.C. by the High Court.
18. Learned counsel appearing for the respondent No.2 refuting the
submission made by the learned counsel for the appellants contended that no
error has been committed by the Courts below in summoning the accused,
there was statement under Section 164 Cr.P.C. of the complainant where she
reiterated her case of rape by accused No.1 and 3. It is submitted that at
this stage the Court was not required to marshal the evidence and examine
the charge on merit and the High Court has rightly refused to exercise
jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr.P.C. to quash the criminal proceedings.
19. We have considered the submissions made by the parties and perused
the records.
20. Before we enter into the facts of the present case it is necessary to
consider the ambit and scope of jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr.P.C.
vested in the High Court. Section 482 Cr.P.C. saves the inherent power of
the High Court to make such orders as may be necessary to give effect to
any order under this Code, or to prevent abuse of the process of any Court
or otherwise to secure the ends of justice.
21. This Court time and again has examined scope of jurisdiction of High
Court under Section 482 Cr.P.C. and laid down several principles which
govern the exercise of jurisdiction of High Court under Section 482 Cr.P.C.
A three-Judge Bench of this Court in State of Karnataka vs. L. Muniswamy
and others, 1977 (2) SCC 699,held that the High Court is entitled to quash
a proceeding if it comes to the conclusion that allowing the proceeding to
continue would be an abuse of the process of the Court or that the ends of
justice require that the proceeding ought to be quashed. In paragraph 7 of
the judgment following has been stated:
“7....In the exercise of this wholesome power, the High Court is
entitled to quash a proceeding if it comes to the conclusion that allowing
the proceeding to continue would be an abuse of the process of the Court or
that the ends of justice require that the proceeding ought to be quashed.
The saving of the High Court’s inherent powers, both in civil and criminal
matters, is designed to achieve a salutary public purpose which is that a
court proceeding ought not to be permitted to degenerate into a weapon of
harassment or persecution. In a criminal case, the veiled object behind a
lame prosecution, the very nature of the material on which the structure of
the prosecution rests and the like would justify the High Court in quashing
the proceeding in the interest of justice. The ends of justice are higher
than the ends of mere law though justice has got to be administered
according to laws made by the legislature. The compelling necessity for
making these observations is that without a proper realisation of the
object and purpose of the provision which seeks to save the inherent powers
of the High Court to do justice, between the State and its subjects, it
would be impossible to appreciate the width and contours of that salient
jurisdiction.”
22. The judgment of this Court in State of Haryana and others vs. Bhajan
Lal and others, 1992 Supp (1) SCC 335, has elaborately considered the scope
and ambit of Section 482 Cr.P.C. Although in the above case this Court was
considering the power of the High Court to quash the entire criminal
proceeding including the FIR, the case arose out of an FIR registered under
Section 161, 165 IPC and Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act,
1947. This Court elaborately considered the scope of Section 482 CR.P.C./
Article 226 in the context of quashing the proceedings in criminal
investigation. After noticing various earlier pronouncements of this Court,
this Court enumerated certain Categories of cases by way of illustration
where power under 482 Cr.P.C. can be exercised to prevent abuse of the
process of the Court or secure ends of justice. Paragraph 102 which
enumerates 7 categories of cases where power can be exercised under Section
482 Cr.P.C. are extracted as follows:
“102. In the backdrop of the interpretation of the various relevant
provisions of the Code under Chapter XIV and of the principles of law
enunciated by this Court in a series of decisions relating to the exercise
of the extraordinary power under Article 226 or the inherent powers under
Section 482 of the Code which we have extracted and reproduced above, we
give the following categories of cases by way of illustration wherein such
power could be exercised either to prevent abuse of the process of any
court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice, though it may not be
possible to lay down any precise, clearly defined and sufficiently
channelised and inflexible guidelines or rigid formulae and to give an
exhaustive list of myriad kinds of cases wherein such power should be
exercised.
(1) Where the allegations made in the first information report or the
complaint, even if they are taken at their face value and accepted in their
entirety do not prima facie constitute any offence or make out a case
against the accused.
(2) Where the allegations in the first information report and other
materials, if any, accompanying the FIR do not disclose a cognizable
offence, justifying an investigation by police officers under Section
156(1) of the Code except under an order of a Magistrate within the purview
of Section 155(2) of the Code.
(3) Where the uncontroverted allegations made in the FIR or complaint and
the evidence collected in support of the same do not disclose the
commission of any offence and make out a case against the accused.
(4) Where, the allegations in the FIR do not constitute a cognizable
offence but constitute only a non-cognizable offence, no investigation is
permitted by a police officer without an order of a Magistrate as
contemplated under Section 155(2) of the Code.
(5) Where the allegations made in the FIR or complaint are so absurd and
inherently improbable on the basis of which no prudent person can ever
reach a just conclusion that there is sufficient ground for proceeding
against the accused.
(6) Where there is an express legal bar engrafted in any of the provisions
of the Code or the concerned Act (under which a criminal proceeding is
instituted) to the institution and continuance of the proceedings and/or
where there is a specific provision in the Code or the concerned Act,
providing efficacious redress for the grievance of the aggrieved party.
(7) Where a criminal proceeding is manifestly attended with mala fide
and/or where the proceeding is maliciously instituted with an ulterior
motive for wreaking vengeance on the accused and with a view to spite him
due to private and personal grudge.”
23. A three-Judge Bench in State of Karnataka vs. M. Devenderappa and
another, 2002 (3) SCC 89, had occasion to consider the ambit of Section 482
Cr.P.C. By analysing the scope of Section 482 Cr.P.C., this Court laid down
that authority of the Court exists for advancement of justice and if any
attempt is made to abuse that authority so as to produce injustice the
Court has power to prevent abuse. It further held that Court would be
justified to quash any proceeding if it finds that initiation/continuance
of it amounts to abuse of the process of Court or quashing of these
proceedings would otherwise serve the ends of justice. Following was laid
down in paragraph 6:
“6......All courts, whether civil or criminal possess, in the absence of
any express provision, as inherent in their constitution, all such powers
as are necessary to do the right and to undo a wrong in course of
administration of justice on the principle quando lex aliquid alicui
concedit, concedere videtur et id sine quo res ipsae esse non potest (when
the law gives a person anything it gives him that without which it cannot
exist). While exercising powers under the section, the court does not
function as a court of appeal or revision. Inherent jurisdiction under the
section though wide has to be exercised sparingly, carefully and with
caution and only when such exercise is justified by the tests specifically
laid down in the section itself. It is to be exercised ex debito justitiae
to do real and substantial justice for the administration of which alone
courts exist. Authority of the court exists for advancement of justice and
if any attempt is made to abuse that authority so as to produce injustice,
the court has power to prevent abuse. It would be an abuse of process of
the court to allow any action which would result in injustice and prevent
promotion of justice. In exercise of the powers court would be justified to
quash any proceeding if it finds that initiation/continuance of it amounts
to abuse of the process of court or quashing of these proceedings would
otherwise serve the ends of justice. When no offence is disclosed by the
complaint, the court may examine the question of fact. When a complaint is
sought to be quashed, it is permissible to look into the materials to
assess what the complainant has alleged and whether any offence is made out
even if the allegations are accepted in toto.”
Further in paragraph 8 following was stated:
“8.....Judicial process should not be an instrument of oppression, or,
needless harassment. Court should be circumspect and judicious in
exercising discretion and should take all relevant facts and circumstances
into consideration before issuing process, lest it would be an instrument
in the hands of a private complainant to unleash vendetta to harass any
person needlessly. At the same time the section is not an instrument handed
over to an accused to short-circuit a prosecution and bring about its
sudden death. The scope of exercise of power under Section 482 of the Code
and the categories of cases where the High Court may exercise its power
under it relating to cognizable offences to prevent abuse of process of any
court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice were set out in some
detail by this Court in State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal.”
24. In Sunder Babu and others vs. State of Tamil Nadu, 2009 (14) SCC 244,
this Court was considering the challenge to the order of the Madras High
Court where Application was under Section 482 Cr.P.C. to quash criminal
proceedings under Section 498A IPC and Section 4 of Dowry Prohibition Act,
1961. It was contended before this Court that the complaint filed was
nothing but an abuse of the process of law and allegations were unfounded.
The prosecuting agency contested the petition filed under Section 482
Cr.P.C. taking the stand that a bare perusal of the complaint discloses
commission of alleged offences and, therefore, it is not a case which
needed to be allowed. The High Court accepted the case of the prosecution
and dismissed the application. This Court referred to the judgment in
Bhajan Lal case (supra) and held that the case fell within Category 7. Apex
Court relying on Category 7 has held that Application under Section 482
deserved to be allowed and it quashed the proceedings.
25. In another case in Priya Vrat Singh and others vs. Shyam Ji Sahai,
2008 (8) SCC 232, this Court relied on Category 7 as laid down in State of
Haryana vs. Bhajan Lal(supra). In the above case the Allahabad High Court
had dismissed an Application filed under Section 482 Cr.P.C. to quash the
proceedings under Section 494, 120-B and 109 IPC and Section 3 and 4 of
Dowry Prohibition Act. After noticing the background facts and parameters
for exercise of power under Section 482 Cr.P.C. following was stated in
paragraphs 8 to 12:
“8. Further, it is pointed out that the allegation of alleged demand for
dowry was made for the first time in December 1994. In the complaint filed,
the allegation is that the dowry torture was made sometime in 1992. It has
not been explained as to why for more than two years no action was taken.
9. Further, it appears that in the complaint petition apart from the
husband, the mother of the husband, the subsequently married wife,
husband’s mother’s sister, husband’s brother-in-law and Sunita’s father
were impleaded as party. No role has been specifically ascribed to anybody
except the husband and that too of a dowry demand in February 1993 when the
complaint was filed on 6-12-1994 i.e. nearly after 22 months. It is to be
noted that in spite of service of notice, none has appeared on behalf of
Respondent 1.
10. The parameters for exercise of power under Section 482 have been laid
down by this Court in several cases.
11. “19. The section does not confer any new power on the High Court. It
only saves the inherent power which the Court possessed before the
enactment of the Code. It envisages three circumstances under which the
inherent jurisdiction may be exercised, namely, (i) to give effect to an
order under the Code, (ii) to prevent abuse of the process of court, and
(iii) to otherwise secure the ends of justice. It is neither possible nor
desirable to lay down any inflexible rule which would govern the exercise
of inherent jurisdiction. No legislative enactment dealing with procedure
can provide for all cases that may possibly arise. Courts, therefore, have
inherent powers apart from express provisions of law which are necessary
for proper discharge of functions and duties imposed upon them by law. That
is the doctrine which finds expression in the section which merely
recognises and preserves inherent powers of the High Courts. All courts,
whether civil or criminal, possess, in the absence of any express
provision, as inherent in their constitution, all such powers as are
necessary to do the right and to undo a wrong in course of administration
of justice on the principle quando lex aliquid alicui concedit, concedere
videtur id sine quo res ipsa esse non potest (when the law gives a person
anything it gives him that without which it cannot exist). While exercising
powers under the section, the Court does not function as a court of appeal
or revision. Inherent jurisdiction under the section though wide has to be
exercised sparingly, carefully and with caution and only when such exercise
is justified by the tests specifically laid down in the section itself. It
is to be exercised ex debito justitiae to do real and substantial justice
for the administration of which alone courts exist. Authority of the court
exists for advancement of justice and if any attempt is made to abuse that
authority so as to produce injustice, the court has power to prevent abuse.
It would be an abuse of process of the court to allow any action which
would result in injustice and prevent promotion of justice. In exercise of
the powers court would be justified to quash any proceeding if it finds
that initiation/continuance of it amounts to abuse of the process of court
or quashing of these proceedings would otherwise serve the ends of justice.
20. As noted above, the powers possessed by the High Court under Section
482 of the Code are very wide and the very plenitude of the power requires
great caution in its exercise. Court must be careful to see that its
decision in exercise of this power is based on sound principles. The
inherent power should not be exercised to stifle a legitimate prosecution.
The High Court being the highest court of a State should normally refrain
from giving a prima facie decision in a case where the entire facts are
incomplete and hazy, more so when the evidence has not been collected and
produced before the Court and the issues involved, whether factual or
legal, are of magnitude and cannot be seen in their true perspective
without sufficient material. Of course, no hard-and-fast rule can be laid
down in regard to cases in which the High Court will exercise its
extraordinary jurisdiction of quashing the proceeding at any stage.”
[See Janata Dal v. H.S. Chowdhary, Raghubir Saran (Dr.) v. State of Bihar
and Minu Kumari v. State of Bihar, SCC p. 366, paras 19-20.]
12. The present case appears to be one where Category 7 of the
illustrations given in State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal is clearly
applicable.
26. From the material on records, following facts are disclosed from the
sequence of events which preceded the registration of FIR on 06.11.2015.
The complainant, her husband and son had taken different amounts totalling
Rs.22 lakh 50 thousand in the month of May, 2015 for business/shop purposes
from the accused. Three agreements were written on Non-Judicial Stamp
Papers on 29.05.2015, 01.06.2015 and 31.08.2015 wherein complainant, her
husband and son have acknowledged receipt of the money in cash as well as
by cheque. Cheques of Rs. 6 lakh, Rs.14 lakh 50 thousand were given to
accused for ensuring the repayment. Cheques were drawn on the Prathama
Bank, Kanth Branch, District Moradabad. Cheques were deposited in the Bank
which were returned with endorsements “No Sufficient Balance”. After
cheques having been dishonoured, complaints under Section 138 of Negotiable
Instruments Act were filed by the accused against the husband and son of
the complainant which were registered in the month of September/October and
were pending before alleged incident dated 22.10.2015.
27. The complainant alleges rape by the accused on 22.10.2015 at 7.30
p.m. at her house and alleges that on the same day she went to the Police
Station but FIR was not registered. She states that after sending an
application on 26.10.2015 to the SSP, she filed an Application under
Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. before the Magistrate. There is no medical report
obtained by the complainant except medical report dated 20.11.2015. IO on
07.11.2015 when asked the complainant to get medical examination done,
complainant and her husband refused. The incident having taken place on
22.10.2015 at 7.30 p.m. nothing was done by the complainant and her husband
till 26.10.2015 when she alleges the Application was sent to SSP.
28. During investigation, IO has recorded the statements of brother of
complainant's husband as well as Smt. Bina Vishnoi, the wife of husband's
brother who were residing in the same house and have categorically denied
that any incident happened in their house. Both, in their statements and
affidavits have condemned the complainant for lodging a false report.
29. IO collected affidavits of several persons including affidavits of
Nikesh Kumar and Smt. Bina Vishnoi and on collecting the entire material
and visiting the spot IO had come to the conclusion that no such incident
took place and submitted a Final Report dated 29.11.2015. On 29.11.2015
itself, the IO has submitted another report for prosecution of complainant
under Section 182 Cr.P.C. for giving false information to the Police.
30. After submission of Final Report and submissions of Report under
Section 182 Cr.P.C. dated 29.11.2015 complainant filed a Protest Petition
on 07.01.2016.
31. It is true that in the statement under Section 164 Cr.P.C, the
complainant repeated her allegation. Complainant has also recorded her age
in the statement as 47 years.
32. The Magistrate in allowing the Protest Petition only considered the
submission made by the State while summoning the accused in paragraph 6
which is to the following effect:
"6. In compliance with the order passed by the Hon'ble High Court and
from the perusal of evidence and entire case diary this Court comes to the
conclusion that the complainant is required to be registered as police
complainant and there are sufficient grounds to summon the accused Vinit
Kumar, Sonu and Nitendra for their trial under Section 376D, 323 and 352 of
Indian Penal Code.”
33. Learned Sessions Judge has also affirmed order taking note of
statement under Section 164 Cr.P.C.
34. There was sufficient material on record to indicate that there were
financial transactions between the accused and complainant, her husband and
son. On dishonour of cheques issued by the complaint's husband and son
proceedings under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act were already
initiated by the accused. All family members of the complainant were living
in the same house. Brother of husband and his wife, in their statements
before the IO have admitted monetary transactions of his brother with the
accused. The statements before the IO of both the Nikesh Kumar and Smt.
Bina Vishnoi have already been extracted above, which were part of the Case
Diary and was material which ought to have been looked into which was
submitted by the IO in the Final Report.
35. The fact is that no medical examination was got done on the date of
incident or even on the next day or on 07.11.2015, when IO asked the
complainant and her husband to get done the medical examination.
Subsequently it was done on 20.11.2015, which was wholly irrelevant. Apart
from bald assertions by the complainant that all accused have raped, there
was nothing which could have led the Courts to form an opinion that present
case is fit a case of prosecution which ought to be launched. We are
conscious that statement given by the prosecutrix/complainant under Section
164 Cr.P.C. is not to be lightly brushed away but the statement was
required to be considered along with antecedents, facts and circumstances
as noted above. Reference to the judgment of this Court in Prashant Bharti
vs. State(NCT of Delhi), 2013 (9) SCC 293, is relevant for the present
case. In the above case the complainant lady aged 21 years lodged an FIR
under Section 328 and 354 IPC with regard to the incident dated 15.02.2007.
She sent a telephonic information on 16.02.2007 and on her statement FIR
under Sections 328 and 354 IPC was registered against the appellant. After
a lapse of five days on 21.02.2007 she gave a supplementary statement
alleging rape by the appellant on 23.12.2006, 25.12.2006 and 01.01.2007.
Statement under Section 164 Cr.P.C. of the prosecutrix was recorded. Police
filed charge-sheet under Section 328, 324 and 376 IPC. Charge-sheet
although mentioned that no proof in support of crime under Section 328/354
could be found. However, on the ground of statement made under Section 164
Cr.P.C. charge-sheet was submitted. Paragraph 10 of the judgment which
notes the charge-sheet is as follows:
“ 10. On 28.6.2007, the police filed a chargesheet under Sections
328,354 and 376 of the Indian Penal Code. In the chargesheet, it was
clearly mentioned, that the police investigation, from different angles,
had not yielded any positive result. However, the chargesheet was based on
the statement made by the complainant/prosecuterix before the Metropolitan
Magistrate, New Delhi under Section 164 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
which was found to be sufficient for the charges alleged - against the
appellant-accused. A relevant extract of the chargesheet depicting the
aforesaid factual position, is being reproduced below:-
“I the Inspector, tried my best from all angles to recover the intoxicating
substance/Pepsi/Pepsi glass and undergarments worn at the time of the rape.
But nothing could be recovered and for this reason, the blood sample of
accused could not be sent to FSL. As from the investigation so far
conducted, no proof could be found in support of the crime under Section
328/354 IPC and even the position of accused Prashant Bharti is not
available at Lodhi Colony at the date and time as his mobile phone ill.
However, prosecuterix Priya Porwal made statement on 21.2.2007 and on
27.2.2007 under Section 164 Cr.P.C. which is sufficient in support of his
challan for the offence under Section 376 IPC.”
(emphasis supplied)”
36. Writ petition was filed by the accused for quashing the FIR which was
dismissed by the High Court on 27.08.2007. Thereafter, charges were framed
on 01.12.2008. Dissatisfied with the framing of charges Criminal Revision
Petition was filed which was dismissed by Delhi High Cort on 16.01.2009.
The order of Additional Sessions Judge has been extracted by this Court in
paragraph 14 which is quoted below:
“14. Dissatisfied with the action of the trial Court in framing charges
against him, the appellant-accused filed Criminal Revision Petition no. 08
of 2009, whereby he assailed the order dated 1.12.2008 passed by the
Additional Sessions Judge, New Delhi. The Delhi High Court dismissed the
revision petition on 16.1.2009, by inter alia observing as under:-
“12. Truthfulness or falsity of the allegations, essentially pertains to
the realm of evidence and the same cannot be pre-judged at this initial
stage. I do not find any illegality or infirmity in the impugned order.
Consequently, this Revision Petition is dismissed in limine while making it
clear that anything herein shall not be construed as an opinion on merits
at trial.””
37. The appeal was filed against the aforesaid judgment of the High Court
by the accused contending that there was sufficient material collected in
the investigation which proved that allegations were unfounded and the
prosecution of the appellant was an abuse of process of the Court. In
paragraph 23 this Court noted several circumstances on the basis of which
this Court held that judicial conscience of the High Court ought to have
persuaded it to quash the criminal proceedings. This Court further noticed
that Investigating Officer has acknowledged, that he could not find any
proof to substantiate the charges. The charge-sheet had been filed only on
the basis of the statement of the complainant/prosecutrix under Section 164
Cr.P.C. In paragraphs 24 and 25 of the judgment following was stated:
“24. Most importantly, as against the aforesaid allegations, no pleadings
whatsoever have been filed by the complainant. Even during the course of
hearing, the material relied upon by the accused was not refuted. As a
matter of fact, the complainant/prosecutrix had herself approached the High
Court, with the prayer that the first information lodged by her, be
quashed. It would therefore be legitimate to conclude, in the facts and
circumstances of this case, that the material relied upon by the accused
has not been refuted by the complainant/prosecutrix. Even in the charge
sheet dated 28.6.2007, (extracted above) the investigating officer has
acknowledged, that he could not find any proof to substantiate the charges.
The charge-sheet had been filed only on the basis of the statement of the
complainant/prosecutrix under Section 164 of the Cr.P.C.
25. Based on the holistic consideration of the facts and circumstances
summarized in the foregoing two paragraphs; we are satisfied, that all the
steps delineated by this Court in Rajiv Thapar’s case (supra) stand -
satisfied. All the steps can only be answered in the affirmative. We
therefore have no hesitation whatsoever in concluding, that judicial
conscience of the High Court ought to have persuaded it, on the basis of
the material available before it, while passing the impugned order, to
quash the criminal proceedings initiated against the accused-appellant, in
exercise of the inherent powers vested with it under Section 482 of the
Cr.P.C. Accordingly, based on the conclusions drawn hereinabove, we are
satisfied, that the first information report registered under Sections
328, 354and 376 of the Indian Penal Code against the appellant-accused, and
the consequential chargesheet dated 28.6.2007, as also the framing of
charges by the Additional Sessions Judge, New Delhi on 1.12.2008, deserves
to be quashed. The same are accordingly quashed.”
38. Thus, above was the case where despite statement under Section 164
Cr.P.C. by prosecutrix the Court referring to material collected during
investigation had held that the case was fit where the High Court ought to
have quashed the criminal proceedings.
39. Inherent power given to the High Court under Section 482 Cr.P.C. is
with the purpose and object of advancement of justice. In case solemn
process of Court is sought to be abused by a person with some oblique
motive, the Court has to thwart the attempt at the very threshold. The
Court cannot permit a prosecution to go on if the case falls in one of the
Categories as illustratively enumerated by this Court in State of Haryana
vs. Bhajan Lal. Judicial process is a solemn proceeding which cannot be
allowed to be converted into an instrument of operation or harassment. When
there are material to indicate that a criminal proceeding is manifestly
attended with mala fide and proceeding is maliciously instituted with an
ulterior motive, the High Court will not hesitate in exercise of its
jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr.P.C. to quash the proceeding under
Category 7 as enumerated in State of Haryana vs. Bhajan Lal, which is to
the following effect:
“(7) Where a criminal proceeding is manifestly attended with mala fide
and/or where the proceeding is maliciously instituted with an ulterior
motive for wreaking vengeance on the accused and with a view to spite him
due to private and personal grudge.”
Above Category 7 is clearly attracted in the facts of the present case.
Although, the High Court has noted the judgment of the State of Haryana vs.
Bhajan Lal, but did not advert to the relevant facts of the present case,
materials on which Final Report was submitted by the IO. We, thus, are
fully satisfied that the present is a fit case where High Court ought to
have exercised its jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr. P.C. and quashed the
criminal proceedings.
40. In the result, appeal is allowed, the judgment of the High Court
dated 16.12.2016 as well as the order of Additional Chief Judicial
Magistrate dated 03.08.2016 and the order of the Sessions Judge dated
22.10.2016 including the entire criminal proceedings are quashed.
.....................J.
( A. K. SIKRI )
.....................J.
( ASHOK BHUSHAN )
New Delhi,
March 31,2017.
