|REPORTABLE |
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3770 OF 2017
[Arising out of SLP (C) No. 17702 of 2014]
SECRETARY TO GOVT. COMMERCIAL
TAXES AND REGISTRATION
DEPARTMENT, SECRETARIAT AND ANR. …. Appellants
Versus
SINGAMUTHU …. Respondent
J U D G M E N T
R. BANUMATHI J.
Leave granted.
2. This Civil Appeal arises out of the judgment of the High Court of
Judicature at Madras dated 04.07.2012 dismissing the Writ Appeal No.1209 of
2012 thereby affirming the order of the learnedSingleJudge directing
togrant regularization to the respondent from the date of completion of ten
years of service with salary and other benefits.
3. The respondent herein was appointed as a part-time Masalchithrough
Employment Exchange on 01.04.1989 and continued to work there and as part-
time Masalchi attended the menial work in the appellant-department at
District Registrar Office, Trichy in the State of Tamil Nadu.The respondent
completed ten years of service as part-time Masalchi on 31.03.1999. In
G.O. Ms. No.22 Personnel and Administrative Reforms (F) Department, dated
28.02.2006, the State Government of Tamil Nadu directed that the services
of the fulltime daily wages employees working in all Government
Departments, who have rendered ten years of service as on 01.01.2006 be
regularized by appointing them in the time scale pay of the post concerned
subject to their being otherwise qualified for the post.In furtherance to
the above Government Order, G.O. (D) No.659 Commercial Taxes and
Registration (M2) Dept. dated 28.12.2006 was issued whereby the Government
directed to fill vacancies in various categories in the Registration
Department existing against the Direct Recruitment through Tamil Nadu
Public Service Commission, Employment Exchange, Commissioner of Technical
Education and on Compassionate Grounds, etc. various categories were
considered and,interalia, among them 308 posts of watchman were required to
be filled.
4. The respondent herein approached the High Court by filing W.P.
No.26702 of 2010 praying for regularization of his service on completion of
ten years of service from the date of his appointment and to appoint him as
Watchman in the regular time scale. Vide order dated 26.11.2010, the
learned Single Judge directed the Inspector General of Registration to
extend the benefits of G.O. Ms. No. 22 dated 28.02.2006 and grant
regularization to the respondent from the date of completion of ten years
of service with salary and other benefits.
5. Being aggrieved, the appellant-department filed writ appeal
contending that G.O.Ms. No.22 dated 28.02.2006 is applicable only to the
daily wage full-time employees and not applicable to the respondent as the
respondent was only a part-time Masalchi. During the pendency of the Writ
Appeal vide proceedings No.10425/A1/2012 dated 02.07.2012, the District
Registrar appointed the respondent and four others as a full-time employees
in the post of Watchman by regularisingthem and the services of respondent
has been placed at Sub-Registrar, Uraiyur, Trichy. The Writ Appeal filed
by the Department was dismissed by the High Court affirming the order of
the Single Judge.Aggrieved, the appellants have filed this appeal
contending that the High Court has erred in directing regularization of the
service of the respondent herein from the date of completion of ten years
of his service with salary and other benefits.
6. Mr. Subramanium Prasad, learned senior counsel for the appellants has
assailed the impugned order by contending that there is no provision in the
relevant Rules and Government Orders to regularise the service of
temporarily appointed part-time Masalchis on completion of ten years of
service or otherwise. With regard to G.O. Ms. No.22 dated 28.02.2006, the
learned senior counsel Mr. Subramonium Prasad argued that respondent being
a part-time Masalchi who works only for two-three hours per day does not
qualify for the benefit, as the Government Order directed regularisation of
services of full-time daily wage employees only. The counsel also
contended that the High Court failed to note that many full-time Masalchis
serving in various departments of the State Government were regularised
only as a one-time scheme to bring them under the time scale of pay andthe
regularisation scheme was operative only from the date of issuance of
order. The counsel further contended that the High Court ought to have
taken note of the fact that if the regularisation is granted
retrospectively to the respondent, in the absence of any law, it will have
serious consequences in the administration of the various departments and
huge financial loss will be caused to the State. The counsel brought to our
notice that 72 persons out of 172 persons of the appellant-department have
already filed writ petitions before the High Court which are still pending
and if the impugned order is not set-aside, they will also approach the
Court for regularization with retrospective effect in which case the
financial burden cast upon the appellant would run to crores of rupees per
annum and the same would adversely affect the State as well as the public
exchequer. The counsel lastly contended that if the impugned order is not
set aside, it would open flood gate of unwarranted litigations.
7. Per contra, the learned counsel for the respondent contended that
following G.O. Ms. No. 22 dated 28.02.2006, the High Court had earlier
allowed claims of many similarly situated employees and the order of the
High Court was also confirmed by this Court. The counsel thus contended
that the High Court rightly directed the appellants to extend the benefit
of G.O. Ms. No. 22 dated 28.02.2006 issued by Personnel and Administrative
Reforms Department, to the respondent, retrospectively from the date of
completion of ten years of respondent’s service with salary and other
benefits. The counsel also contended that the respondent should get the
benefit of G.O. Ms. No. 505, Finance (AA-2) Department dated 14.10.2009
andthe respondent sought parity with those 57 part-time employees, working
as Masalchi in Treasury Department, whose services were regularisedvide
G.O. Ms. No. 32, Finance (Ka. Ka 2) Department dated 26.03.2010.
8. We have considered the submissions of the learned counsel for both
the parties and also perused the impugned judgment and the documents
available on record.
9. Part-time or casual employment is meant to serve the exigencies of
administration. It is a settled principle of law that continuance in
service for long period on part-time or temporary basis confers no right to
seek regularisation in service. The person who is engaged on temporary or
casual basis is well aware of the nature of his employment and he
consciouslyaccepted the same at the time of seeking employment. Generally,
while directing that temporary or part-time appointments be regularised or
made permanent, the courts are swayed by the long period of service
rendered by the employees. However, this may not be always a correct
approach to adopt especially when the scheme of regularisation is missing
from the rule book and regularisation casts huge financial implications on
public exchequer.
10. In the present case, it is available on record that the State
Government vide G.O. Ms. No.22 dated 28.02.2006, issued by the Personnel
and Administrative Reforms Department, directed the services of daily wage
employees working in all Departments of Government, who have rendered ten
years of service as on 01.01.2006 to be regularised by appointing them in
the time scale of pay of the post concerned subject to they being otherwise
qualified for the post. G.O.Ms.No.22 Personnel and Administrative Reforms
dated 28.02.2006 reads as under:-
“ABSTRACT
Public Services Employees working on daily wages-Bringing into regular
establishment on completion of ten years of service as on 01.01.2006-Orders
issued.
PERSONNEL AND ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS (F) DEPARTMENT
G.O. Ms. No.22 Dated 28.02.2006
ORDER:
The Hon’ble Chief Minister had announced during the Tamil Nadu Government
Officials Union and Government Servants and Teachers Associations General
Conference held on 08.02.2006, that the services of employees working in
various Government Departments on daily wages basis who have completed more
than 10 years of service as on 01.01.2006 will be regularized.
2. Based on the announcement made by the Hon’ble Chief Minister on
08.02.2006, the Government direct that the services of the daily wages
employees working in all Government Departments who have rendered 10 years
of service as on 01.01.2006 be regularized by appointing them in the time
scale of pay of the post in accordance with the service conditions
prescribed for the post concerned, subject to their being otherwise
qualified for the post.
3. The Departments of Secretariat may therefore, be directed to pursue
action to regularize the services of the daily wages employees working in
all Government Departments, who have rendered 10 years of service as on
01.01.2006 as ordered in para 2 above in consultation with the respective
Heads of Departments wherever necessary. In special cases wherein
relaxation of rules is required proposal shall be sent to Government.
4. This order issues with the concurrence of Finance Department vide its
U.O. No.985/FS/P/2006 dated 28.02.2006.”
11. In G.O. Ms.No.22 P & AR Dept. dated 28.02.2006, only full-time daily
wage employees were directed to be regularized on completion of ten years
of continuous service as on 01.01.2006. This was clarified by the
Government in the Government Order passed subsequently G.O.Ms.No.74 P &AR
Dept. dated 27.06.2013 clarifying that G.O.Ms.No.22 P & AR Dept. dated
28.02.2006 is applicable only to the full-time daily wage employees, who
had completed ten years of continuous service as on 01.01.2006. In
G.O.Ms.No.74 dated 27.06.2013, it was made clear that the part-time
employees are not entitled for regularization and that full-time daily wage
employees, who had completed 10 years of service after 01.01.2006 are also
not entitled for regularization of services. G.O.No. 74, Personnel
and Administrative Reforms Department, dated 27.06.2013, reads as follows:
“6) In supersession of the orders issued in the Government Order read
above, the Government now issue revised orders on regularization of
services of full time daily wage employees working in all Government
departments as detailed below:
This Order shall be deemed to have been come into force with retrospective
effect from 01.01.2006.
The services of the full time daily wage employees who were initially
appointed on full time basis in consultation with the Employment Exchange
to discharge the function of the post in the Tamil Nadu Basic Service and
complete 10 (ten) years of service as on 01.01.2006 shall be regularized
against regular vacancies in the sanctioned cadre strength.
In cases of relaxation of service rules, the service rule relating to the
educational qualification and mode of recruitment shall not be relaxed.
In cases, where relaxation of rules are involved, monetary benefit shall be
allowed with effect from the date of issue of orders as per Rule 23 (a)(ii)
of the General Rules for Tamil Nadu State and Subordinate Services;
In cases where relaxation of rules are not involved, monetary benefit shall
be allowed with effect from the date of regularisation;
(vi) The part-time and casual employees are not entitled to the concession
referred to at para (ii) above;
(vii) The services of the full time daily wage employees who have completed
10 years of service after 01.01.2006 shall not be regularized;
(viii) All the appointing authorities should adhere to the above
instructions scrupulously in future. Failing which, it will be viewed
seriously and necessary disciplinary action will be initiated as per rules
against the person who is responsible for the said lapses. All the Heads
of Departments are directed to ensure that all the above said instructions
are followed without fail and lapses if any found, responsibility will be
fixed against them;
(ix) All the proposals for regularization of the services of full time
daily wage employees should be sent to the Government even in cases where
relaxation of rules are not involved.”
In G.O. Ms. No.74, it was thus, made clear that the part-time employees are
not entitled for regularization and that full-time daily wage employees,
who had completed ten years of service as on 01.01.2006 shall be
regularized against regular vacancies in the sanctioned post. It was also
made clear that the services of daily wage employees who have completed ten
years of service after 01.01.2006 are not entitled for regularization.
12. In the present case, the respondent herein was engaged to fetch
water, to sweep and other connected menial works for one or two hours in a
day as part-time Masalchi. The post of part-time Masalchi is not included
in ClassIV or V of the Tamil Nadu Basic Service. Further a part-time
Masalchi cannot be treated as equivalent to the post of Masalchi (full-
time) basis because the post of part-time Masalchi does not come under the
purview of service rules. The respondent herein was only a part-time
Masalchi and hence the question of applying G.O.Ms.No. 22 P &AR Dept. dated
28.02.2006, which is applicable only to the daily wage full-time
employees,does not arise.
13. G.O.(Rt.)No.84 Commercial Taxes and Registration (M2) Department
dated 18.06.2012 was issued,by which 172 part-time Masalchis, who were
working for more than ten years as part-time Masalchis in Registration
Department were regularized from the date of issuance of G.O. providing the
grant of monetary benefits from the date of issuance of the Government
Order. In G.O.(Rt) No.84 dated 18.06.2012, it was clearly stated that
G.O.Ms.No.22 P &A R Dept. dated 28.02.2006 was applicable only to full-time
daily wage employees and that the same was not applicable to part-time
Masalchis. In the said G.O.(Rt.)No.84 dated 18.06.2012, it was made clear
that monetary benefits are only from the date of issuance of the order of
regularization. The relevant portion of the said G.O.(Rt.) No.84
Commercial Taxes and Registration (M2) Department, reads as under:-
“Registration Department – Tamil Nadu Basic Service – 172 Part time
Masalchis – Relaxation of Rules and Appointing them as full time Employees
in the post of watchmen in Time Scale Pay and Regularisation of their
services – Orders issued.
Commercial Taxes and Registration (M2) Department
G.O. (Rt) No.84 Dated: 18.06.2012
Based on the Directions of the Hon’ble High Court, the School Education
Department and the Treasuries and Accounts Department under the control of
the Finance Department have appointed two Full-time Masalchis and 57 Full-
time Masalchis, respectively, in regular time scale of pay and regularized
their services from the date of issue of the orders. In compliance to the
orders of the Hon’ble High Court, the services of 6 Part time Masalchis
were appointed in this Department and regularized their services from the
date of issue of the orders in the reference 3rd and 5th cited.
Considering the Part-time Masalchis working for a long period in this
Department and most of them had completed the age of 40 and certain
employees have completed 50 years of age, it is not possible to seek jobs
from outside and the employees were repeatedly sending representations to
regularize their services, on a sympathetic consideration, the Inspector
General of Registration sent a proposal to the Government to appoint the
Part-time Masalchis in the post of Watchman by relaxing the necessary
provisions in the Special Rules for the Tamil Nadu Basic Service from the
date of issue of the orders….…The Government has decided that, the
remaining 172 Part time Masalchis, mentioned in the Annexure, may be
appointed in Time Scale Pay, in the existing vacancy of watchmen by
relaxing the Rule 3 (A) (Community Rotation) and Rule 5 (1) (Age
Qualification) and the services of the Part-masalchi be regularized and
they may be awarded monetary benefit from the date of issue of the order…”
In pursuance of the above said Government Order and vide proceedings of the
District Registrar, the respondent herein appointed as full-time employee
in the post of Watchman on 02.07.2012 and has been placed at Sub-Registrar,
Uraiyur, Trichy. As per G.O. Ms.No.84, the respondent can claim monetary
benefits only from the date of issuance of Government Order regularising
his services and not earlier.
14. In a similar issue, concerning part-time sweepers, the State of Tamil
Naduhas filed an appeal before this Court, and those appeals were allowed
by this Court byjudgment dated 21.02.2014 inSecretaryto Government, School
Education Department, Chennai vs. Thiru. R. Govindasamy and Others (2014) 4
SCC 769. After referring to various judgments on this issue, in paras (5)
to (7), this Court held as under:-
“5. The issue involved here remains restricted as to whether the services
of the part-time sweepers could have been directed by the High Court to be
regularised. The issue is no more res integra.
6. In State of Karnataka v. Umadevi (3) (2006) 4 SCC 1 this Court held as
under: (SCC p. 40, para 48)
“48. … There is no fundamental right in those who have been employed on
daily wages or temporarily or on contractual basis, to claim that they have
a right to be absorbed in service. As has been held by this Court, they
cannot be said to be holders of a post, since, a regular appointment could
be made only by making appointments consistent with the requirements of
Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution. The right to be treated equally
with the other employees employed on daily wages, cannot be extended to a
claim for equal treatment with those who were regularly employed. That
would be treating unequals as equals. It cannot also be relied on to claim
a right to be absorbed in service even though they have never been selected
in terms of the relevant recruitment rules.”
7. In Union of India v. A.S. Pillai (2010) 13 SCC 448 this Court dealt with
the issue of regularisation of part-time employees and the Court refused
the relief on the ground that part-timers are free to get themselves
engaged elsewhere and they are not restrained from working elsewhere when
they are not working for the authority/employer. Being the part-time
employees, they are not subject to service rules or other regulations which
govern and control the regularly appointed staff of the department.
Therefore, the question of giving them equal pay for equal work or
considering their case for regularisation would not arise.”
15. In State of Rajasthan and Others Vs. Daya Lal and Others(2011) 2 SCC
429, this Court has considered the scope of regularisation of irregular or
part-time appointments in all possible eventualities and thisCourt clearly
laid down that part-time employees are not entitled to seek regularisation
as they do not work against any sanctioned posts. It was also held that
part-time employees in government-run institutions can in no case claim
parity in salary with regular employees of the government on the principle
of equal pay for equal work. Relevant excerpt from the said judgment is as
under:
“12. We may at the outset refer to the following well settled principles
relating to regularization and parity in pay, relevant in the context of
these appeals:
(i) High Courts, in exercising power under Article 226 of the Constitution
will not issue directions for regularization, absorption or permanent
continuance, unless the employees claiming regularization had been
appointed in pursuance of a regular recruitment in accordance with relevant
rules in an open competitive process, against sanctioned vacant posts. The
equality clause contained in Articles 14 and 16 should be scrupulously
followed and courts should not issue a direction for regularization of
services of an employee which would be violative of constitutional scheme.
While something that is irregular for want of compliance with one of the
elements in the process of selection which does not go to the root of the
process, can be regularized, back door entries, appointments contrary to
the constitutional scheme and/or appointment of ineligible candidates
cannot be regularized.
(ii) Mere continuation of service by a temporary or ad hoc or daily-wage
employee, under cover of some interim orders of the court, would not confer
upon him any right to be absorbed into service, as such service would be
'litigious employment'. Even temporary, ad hoc or daily- wage service for a
long number of years, let alone service for one or two years, will not
entitle such employee to claim regularization, if he is not working against
a sanctioned post. Sympathy and sentiment cannot be grounds for passing any
order of regularization in the absence of a legal right.
(iii) Even where a scheme is formulated for regularization with a cut-off
date (that is a scheme providing that persons who had put in a specified
number of years of service and continuing in employment as on the cut-off
date), it is not possible to others who were appointed subsequent to the
cut-off date, to claim or contend that the scheme should be applied to them
by extending the cut-off date or seek a direction for framing of fresh
schemes providing for successive cut off dates.
(iv) Part-time employees are not entitled to seek regularization as they
are not working against any sanctioned posts. There cannot be a direction
for absorption, regularization or permanent continuance of part time
temporary employees.
(v) Part time temporary employees in government run institutions cannot
claim parity in salary with regular employees of the government on the
principle of equal pay for equal work. Nor can employees in private
employment, even if serving full time, seek parity in salary with
government employees. The right to claim a particular salary against the
State must arise under a contract or under a statute.
See: Secretary, State of Karnataka v. Uma Devi 2006 (4) SCC 1, M. Raja v.
CEERI Educational Society, Pilani 2006 (12) SCC 636, S.C. Chandra v. State
of Jharkhand 2007 (8) SCC 279, Kurukshetra Central Co-operative Bank Ltd
v. Mehar Chand 2007 (15) SCC 680, and Official Liquidator v. Dayanand 2008
10 SCC 1.” (emphasis added)
16. The learned Single Judge of the High Court, while allowing the writ
filed by the respondent extended the benefit of the said G.O. Ms. No.22
dated 28.02.2006 and directed the appellants to grant regularisation of
respondent’s service from the date of completion of ten years of service
with salary and other benefits. The learned Judge failed to take note of
the fact that as per G.O. Ms.No. 22 dated 28.02.2006, the services of
employees working in various government departments on full-time daily wage
basis, who have completed more than ten years of continuous service as on
01.01.2006 will be regularised and not part-time Masalchis like the
respondent herein. In G.O.Ms. No. 84 dated 18.06.2012, the Government made
it clear that G.O.Ms. No. 22 dated 28.02.2006 is applicable only to full-
time daily wagers and not to part-time daily wagers. Respondent was
temporarily appointed part-time worker as per Tamil Nadu Finance Code
Volume (2) Appendix (5) and his appointment was completely temporary. The
respondent being appointed as part-time Masalchi, cannot compare himself to
full-time daily wagers and seek benefit of G.O.Ms.No.22 dated 28.02.2006.
The Single Judge also failed to consider that the Government did not grant
regularisation of services of any part-time employee on completion of ten
years of his service as envisaged under the G.O.Ms. No.22 dated 28.02.2006.
17. The learned Single Judge erred in extending the benefit of
G.O.Ms.No.22 dated 28.02.2006 to the respondent that too retrospectively
from the date of completion of ten years of service of the respondent. The
respondent was appointed on 01.04.1989 and completed ten years of service
on 31.03.1999. As rightly contended by the learned senior counsel for the
appellants, if the respondent is to be given monetary benefits from the
date of completion of ten years of service, that is from 01.04.1999 till
the date of his regularization that is 18.06.2012, the financial commitment
to the State would be around Rs.10,85,113/- (approximately)towards back
wages apart from pension which will have a huge impact on the State
exchequer. That apart, the learned senior counsel for the appellant
submitted that in respect of Registration Department, about 172 persons
were regularized under various G.Os. and if the impugned order is
sustained, the Government will have to pay the back wages to all those
persons from the date of completion of ten years in service and this will
have a huge impact on the State exchequer. Since the impugned order
directing regularization of the respondent from the date of completion of
their ten years would adversely affect the State exchequer in a huge
manner, the impugned order cannot be sustained on this score also.
18. It is pertinent to note that even the regularisation of services of
part-time employees vide G.O.(Rt.) No.505 Finance (AA-2) Department dated
14.10.2009 and G.O.(2D) No.32 Finance (T.A. 2)Department dated 26.03.2010
was effectedby extending the benefit of G.O. dated 28.02.2006 only from
the date of Government Orders and not from the date of completion of their
ten years of service. The Division Bench also failed to take note that
G.O.Ms.No. 22 P &AR Dept. dated 28.02.2006 is applicable only to full-time
daily wage employees and who had completed ten years of continuous service
as on 01.01.2006 and not to part-time employees.As per G.O.(Rt.) No.84
dated 18.06.2012, the respondent is entitled to the monetary benefits only
from the date of issuance of Government Order regularizing his service that
is 18.06.2012. The impugned order of the Division Bench affirming the order
of the Single Judge granting benefits to the respondent from the date of
completion of ten years of service is erroneous and the same is liable to
be set aside.
19. In the result, the impugned order is set aside and this appeal is
allowed. No costs.
…….…………...………J.
[KURIAN JOSEPH]
…………….……………J.
[R. BANUMATHI]
New Delhi;
March 07, 2017
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3770 OF 2017
[Arising out of SLP (C) No. 17702 of 2014]
SECRETARY TO GOVT. COMMERCIAL
TAXES AND REGISTRATION
DEPARTMENT, SECRETARIAT AND ANR. …. Appellants
Versus
SINGAMUTHU …. Respondent
J U D G M E N T
R. BANUMATHI J.
Leave granted.
2. This Civil Appeal arises out of the judgment of the High Court of
Judicature at Madras dated 04.07.2012 dismissing the Writ Appeal No.1209 of
2012 thereby affirming the order of the learnedSingleJudge directing
togrant regularization to the respondent from the date of completion of ten
years of service with salary and other benefits.
3. The respondent herein was appointed as a part-time Masalchithrough
Employment Exchange on 01.04.1989 and continued to work there and as part-
time Masalchi attended the menial work in the appellant-department at
District Registrar Office, Trichy in the State of Tamil Nadu.The respondent
completed ten years of service as part-time Masalchi on 31.03.1999. In
G.O. Ms. No.22 Personnel and Administrative Reforms (F) Department, dated
28.02.2006, the State Government of Tamil Nadu directed that the services
of the fulltime daily wages employees working in all Government
Departments, who have rendered ten years of service as on 01.01.2006 be
regularized by appointing them in the time scale pay of the post concerned
subject to their being otherwise qualified for the post.In furtherance to
the above Government Order, G.O. (D) No.659 Commercial Taxes and
Registration (M2) Dept. dated 28.12.2006 was issued whereby the Government
directed to fill vacancies in various categories in the Registration
Department existing against the Direct Recruitment through Tamil Nadu
Public Service Commission, Employment Exchange, Commissioner of Technical
Education and on Compassionate Grounds, etc. various categories were
considered and,interalia, among them 308 posts of watchman were required to
be filled.
4. The respondent herein approached the High Court by filing W.P.
No.26702 of 2010 praying for regularization of his service on completion of
ten years of service from the date of his appointment and to appoint him as
Watchman in the regular time scale. Vide order dated 26.11.2010, the
learned Single Judge directed the Inspector General of Registration to
extend the benefits of G.O. Ms. No. 22 dated 28.02.2006 and grant
regularization to the respondent from the date of completion of ten years
of service with salary and other benefits.
5. Being aggrieved, the appellant-department filed writ appeal
contending that G.O.Ms. No.22 dated 28.02.2006 is applicable only to the
daily wage full-time employees and not applicable to the respondent as the
respondent was only a part-time Masalchi. During the pendency of the Writ
Appeal vide proceedings No.10425/A1/2012 dated 02.07.2012, the District
Registrar appointed the respondent and four others as a full-time employees
in the post of Watchman by regularisingthem and the services of respondent
has been placed at Sub-Registrar, Uraiyur, Trichy. The Writ Appeal filed
by the Department was dismissed by the High Court affirming the order of
the Single Judge.Aggrieved, the appellants have filed this appeal
contending that the High Court has erred in directing regularization of the
service of the respondent herein from the date of completion of ten years
of his service with salary and other benefits.
6. Mr. Subramanium Prasad, learned senior counsel for the appellants has
assailed the impugned order by contending that there is no provision in the
relevant Rules and Government Orders to regularise the service of
temporarily appointed part-time Masalchis on completion of ten years of
service or otherwise. With regard to G.O. Ms. No.22 dated 28.02.2006, the
learned senior counsel Mr. Subramonium Prasad argued that respondent being
a part-time Masalchi who works only for two-three hours per day does not
qualify for the benefit, as the Government Order directed regularisation of
services of full-time daily wage employees only. The counsel also
contended that the High Court failed to note that many full-time Masalchis
serving in various departments of the State Government were regularised
only as a one-time scheme to bring them under the time scale of pay andthe
regularisation scheme was operative only from the date of issuance of
order. The counsel further contended that the High Court ought to have
taken note of the fact that if the regularisation is granted
retrospectively to the respondent, in the absence of any law, it will have
serious consequences in the administration of the various departments and
huge financial loss will be caused to the State. The counsel brought to our
notice that 72 persons out of 172 persons of the appellant-department have
already filed writ petitions before the High Court which are still pending
and if the impugned order is not set-aside, they will also approach the
Court for regularization with retrospective effect in which case the
financial burden cast upon the appellant would run to crores of rupees per
annum and the same would adversely affect the State as well as the public
exchequer. The counsel lastly contended that if the impugned order is not
set aside, it would open flood gate of unwarranted litigations.
7. Per contra, the learned counsel for the respondent contended that
following G.O. Ms. No. 22 dated 28.02.2006, the High Court had earlier
allowed claims of many similarly situated employees and the order of the
High Court was also confirmed by this Court. The counsel thus contended
that the High Court rightly directed the appellants to extend the benefit
of G.O. Ms. No. 22 dated 28.02.2006 issued by Personnel and Administrative
Reforms Department, to the respondent, retrospectively from the date of
completion of ten years of respondent’s service with salary and other
benefits. The counsel also contended that the respondent should get the
benefit of G.O. Ms. No. 505, Finance (AA-2) Department dated 14.10.2009
andthe respondent sought parity with those 57 part-time employees, working
as Masalchi in Treasury Department, whose services were regularisedvide
G.O. Ms. No. 32, Finance (Ka. Ka 2) Department dated 26.03.2010.
8. We have considered the submissions of the learned counsel for both
the parties and also perused the impugned judgment and the documents
available on record.
9. Part-time or casual employment is meant to serve the exigencies of
administration. It is a settled principle of law that continuance in
service for long period on part-time or temporary basis confers no right to
seek regularisation in service. The person who is engaged on temporary or
casual basis is well aware of the nature of his employment and he
consciouslyaccepted the same at the time of seeking employment. Generally,
while directing that temporary or part-time appointments be regularised or
made permanent, the courts are swayed by the long period of service
rendered by the employees. However, this may not be always a correct
approach to adopt especially when the scheme of regularisation is missing
from the rule book and regularisation casts huge financial implications on
public exchequer.
10. In the present case, it is available on record that the State
Government vide G.O. Ms. No.22 dated 28.02.2006, issued by the Personnel
and Administrative Reforms Department, directed the services of daily wage
employees working in all Departments of Government, who have rendered ten
years of service as on 01.01.2006 to be regularised by appointing them in
the time scale of pay of the post concerned subject to they being otherwise
qualified for the post. G.O.Ms.No.22 Personnel and Administrative Reforms
dated 28.02.2006 reads as under:-
“ABSTRACT
Public Services Employees working on daily wages-Bringing into regular
establishment on completion of ten years of service as on 01.01.2006-Orders
issued.
PERSONNEL AND ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS (F) DEPARTMENT
G.O. Ms. No.22 Dated 28.02.2006
ORDER:
The Hon’ble Chief Minister had announced during the Tamil Nadu Government
Officials Union and Government Servants and Teachers Associations General
Conference held on 08.02.2006, that the services of employees working in
various Government Departments on daily wages basis who have completed more
than 10 years of service as on 01.01.2006 will be regularized.
2. Based on the announcement made by the Hon’ble Chief Minister on
08.02.2006, the Government direct that the services of the daily wages
employees working in all Government Departments who have rendered 10 years
of service as on 01.01.2006 be regularized by appointing them in the time
scale of pay of the post in accordance with the service conditions
prescribed for the post concerned, subject to their being otherwise
qualified for the post.
3. The Departments of Secretariat may therefore, be directed to pursue
action to regularize the services of the daily wages employees working in
all Government Departments, who have rendered 10 years of service as on
01.01.2006 as ordered in para 2 above in consultation with the respective
Heads of Departments wherever necessary. In special cases wherein
relaxation of rules is required proposal shall be sent to Government.
4. This order issues with the concurrence of Finance Department vide its
U.O. No.985/FS/P/2006 dated 28.02.2006.”
11. In G.O. Ms.No.22 P & AR Dept. dated 28.02.2006, only full-time daily
wage employees were directed to be regularized on completion of ten years
of continuous service as on 01.01.2006. This was clarified by the
Government in the Government Order passed subsequently G.O.Ms.No.74 P &AR
Dept. dated 27.06.2013 clarifying that G.O.Ms.No.22 P & AR Dept. dated
28.02.2006 is applicable only to the full-time daily wage employees, who
had completed ten years of continuous service as on 01.01.2006. In
G.O.Ms.No.74 dated 27.06.2013, it was made clear that the part-time
employees are not entitled for regularization and that full-time daily wage
employees, who had completed 10 years of service after 01.01.2006 are also
not entitled for regularization of services. G.O.No. 74, Personnel
and Administrative Reforms Department, dated 27.06.2013, reads as follows:
“6) In supersession of the orders issued in the Government Order read
above, the Government now issue revised orders on regularization of
services of full time daily wage employees working in all Government
departments as detailed below:
This Order shall be deemed to have been come into force with retrospective
effect from 01.01.2006.
The services of the full time daily wage employees who were initially
appointed on full time basis in consultation with the Employment Exchange
to discharge the function of the post in the Tamil Nadu Basic Service and
complete 10 (ten) years of service as on 01.01.2006 shall be regularized
against regular vacancies in the sanctioned cadre strength.
In cases of relaxation of service rules, the service rule relating to the
educational qualification and mode of recruitment shall not be relaxed.
In cases, where relaxation of rules are involved, monetary benefit shall be
allowed with effect from the date of issue of orders as per Rule 23 (a)(ii)
of the General Rules for Tamil Nadu State and Subordinate Services;
In cases where relaxation of rules are not involved, monetary benefit shall
be allowed with effect from the date of regularisation;
(vi) The part-time and casual employees are not entitled to the concession
referred to at para (ii) above;
(vii) The services of the full time daily wage employees who have completed
10 years of service after 01.01.2006 shall not be regularized;
(viii) All the appointing authorities should adhere to the above
instructions scrupulously in future. Failing which, it will be viewed
seriously and necessary disciplinary action will be initiated as per rules
against the person who is responsible for the said lapses. All the Heads
of Departments are directed to ensure that all the above said instructions
are followed without fail and lapses if any found, responsibility will be
fixed against them;
(ix) All the proposals for regularization of the services of full time
daily wage employees should be sent to the Government even in cases where
relaxation of rules are not involved.”
In G.O. Ms. No.74, it was thus, made clear that the part-time employees are
not entitled for regularization and that full-time daily wage employees,
who had completed ten years of service as on 01.01.2006 shall be
regularized against regular vacancies in the sanctioned post. It was also
made clear that the services of daily wage employees who have completed ten
years of service after 01.01.2006 are not entitled for regularization.
12. In the present case, the respondent herein was engaged to fetch
water, to sweep and other connected menial works for one or two hours in a
day as part-time Masalchi. The post of part-time Masalchi is not included
in ClassIV or V of the Tamil Nadu Basic Service. Further a part-time
Masalchi cannot be treated as equivalent to the post of Masalchi (full-
time) basis because the post of part-time Masalchi does not come under the
purview of service rules. The respondent herein was only a part-time
Masalchi and hence the question of applying G.O.Ms.No. 22 P &AR Dept. dated
28.02.2006, which is applicable only to the daily wage full-time
employees,does not arise.
13. G.O.(Rt.)No.84 Commercial Taxes and Registration (M2) Department
dated 18.06.2012 was issued,by which 172 part-time Masalchis, who were
working for more than ten years as part-time Masalchis in Registration
Department were regularized from the date of issuance of G.O. providing the
grant of monetary benefits from the date of issuance of the Government
Order. In G.O.(Rt) No.84 dated 18.06.2012, it was clearly stated that
G.O.Ms.No.22 P &A R Dept. dated 28.02.2006 was applicable only to full-time
daily wage employees and that the same was not applicable to part-time
Masalchis. In the said G.O.(Rt.)No.84 dated 18.06.2012, it was made clear
that monetary benefits are only from the date of issuance of the order of
regularization. The relevant portion of the said G.O.(Rt.) No.84
Commercial Taxes and Registration (M2) Department, reads as under:-
“Registration Department – Tamil Nadu Basic Service – 172 Part time
Masalchis – Relaxation of Rules and Appointing them as full time Employees
in the post of watchmen in Time Scale Pay and Regularisation of their
services – Orders issued.
Commercial Taxes and Registration (M2) Department
G.O. (Rt) No.84 Dated: 18.06.2012
Based on the Directions of the Hon’ble High Court, the School Education
Department and the Treasuries and Accounts Department under the control of
the Finance Department have appointed two Full-time Masalchis and 57 Full-
time Masalchis, respectively, in regular time scale of pay and regularized
their services from the date of issue of the orders. In compliance to the
orders of the Hon’ble High Court, the services of 6 Part time Masalchis
were appointed in this Department and regularized their services from the
date of issue of the orders in the reference 3rd and 5th cited.
Considering the Part-time Masalchis working for a long period in this
Department and most of them had completed the age of 40 and certain
employees have completed 50 years of age, it is not possible to seek jobs
from outside and the employees were repeatedly sending representations to
regularize their services, on a sympathetic consideration, the Inspector
General of Registration sent a proposal to the Government to appoint the
Part-time Masalchis in the post of Watchman by relaxing the necessary
provisions in the Special Rules for the Tamil Nadu Basic Service from the
date of issue of the orders….…The Government has decided that, the
remaining 172 Part time Masalchis, mentioned in the Annexure, may be
appointed in Time Scale Pay, in the existing vacancy of watchmen by
relaxing the Rule 3 (A) (Community Rotation) and Rule 5 (1) (Age
Qualification) and the services of the Part-masalchi be regularized and
they may be awarded monetary benefit from the date of issue of the order…”
In pursuance of the above said Government Order and vide proceedings of the
District Registrar, the respondent herein appointed as full-time employee
in the post of Watchman on 02.07.2012 and has been placed at Sub-Registrar,
Uraiyur, Trichy. As per G.O. Ms.No.84, the respondent can claim monetary
benefits only from the date of issuance of Government Order regularising
his services and not earlier.
14. In a similar issue, concerning part-time sweepers, the State of Tamil
Naduhas filed an appeal before this Court, and those appeals were allowed
by this Court byjudgment dated 21.02.2014 inSecretaryto Government, School
Education Department, Chennai vs. Thiru. R. Govindasamy and Others (2014) 4
SCC 769. After referring to various judgments on this issue, in paras (5)
to (7), this Court held as under:-
“5. The issue involved here remains restricted as to whether the services
of the part-time sweepers could have been directed by the High Court to be
regularised. The issue is no more res integra.
6. In State of Karnataka v. Umadevi (3) (2006) 4 SCC 1 this Court held as
under: (SCC p. 40, para 48)
“48. … There is no fundamental right in those who have been employed on
daily wages or temporarily or on contractual basis, to claim that they have
a right to be absorbed in service. As has been held by this Court, they
cannot be said to be holders of a post, since, a regular appointment could
be made only by making appointments consistent with the requirements of
Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution. The right to be treated equally
with the other employees employed on daily wages, cannot be extended to a
claim for equal treatment with those who were regularly employed. That
would be treating unequals as equals. It cannot also be relied on to claim
a right to be absorbed in service even though they have never been selected
in terms of the relevant recruitment rules.”
7. In Union of India v. A.S. Pillai (2010) 13 SCC 448 this Court dealt with
the issue of regularisation of part-time employees and the Court refused
the relief on the ground that part-timers are free to get themselves
engaged elsewhere and they are not restrained from working elsewhere when
they are not working for the authority/employer. Being the part-time
employees, they are not subject to service rules or other regulations which
govern and control the regularly appointed staff of the department.
Therefore, the question of giving them equal pay for equal work or
considering their case for regularisation would not arise.”
15. In State of Rajasthan and Others Vs. Daya Lal and Others(2011) 2 SCC
429, this Court has considered the scope of regularisation of irregular or
part-time appointments in all possible eventualities and thisCourt clearly
laid down that part-time employees are not entitled to seek regularisation
as they do not work against any sanctioned posts. It was also held that
part-time employees in government-run institutions can in no case claim
parity in salary with regular employees of the government on the principle
of equal pay for equal work. Relevant excerpt from the said judgment is as
under:
“12. We may at the outset refer to the following well settled principles
relating to regularization and parity in pay, relevant in the context of
these appeals:
(i) High Courts, in exercising power under Article 226 of the Constitution
will not issue directions for regularization, absorption or permanent
continuance, unless the employees claiming regularization had been
appointed in pursuance of a regular recruitment in accordance with relevant
rules in an open competitive process, against sanctioned vacant posts. The
equality clause contained in Articles 14 and 16 should be scrupulously
followed and courts should not issue a direction for regularization of
services of an employee which would be violative of constitutional scheme.
While something that is irregular for want of compliance with one of the
elements in the process of selection which does not go to the root of the
process, can be regularized, back door entries, appointments contrary to
the constitutional scheme and/or appointment of ineligible candidates
cannot be regularized.
(ii) Mere continuation of service by a temporary or ad hoc or daily-wage
employee, under cover of some interim orders of the court, would not confer
upon him any right to be absorbed into service, as such service would be
'litigious employment'. Even temporary, ad hoc or daily- wage service for a
long number of years, let alone service for one or two years, will not
entitle such employee to claim regularization, if he is not working against
a sanctioned post. Sympathy and sentiment cannot be grounds for passing any
order of regularization in the absence of a legal right.
(iii) Even where a scheme is formulated for regularization with a cut-off
date (that is a scheme providing that persons who had put in a specified
number of years of service and continuing in employment as on the cut-off
date), it is not possible to others who were appointed subsequent to the
cut-off date, to claim or contend that the scheme should be applied to them
by extending the cut-off date or seek a direction for framing of fresh
schemes providing for successive cut off dates.
(iv) Part-time employees are not entitled to seek regularization as they
are not working against any sanctioned posts. There cannot be a direction
for absorption, regularization or permanent continuance of part time
temporary employees.
(v) Part time temporary employees in government run institutions cannot
claim parity in salary with regular employees of the government on the
principle of equal pay for equal work. Nor can employees in private
employment, even if serving full time, seek parity in salary with
government employees. The right to claim a particular salary against the
State must arise under a contract or under a statute.
See: Secretary, State of Karnataka v. Uma Devi 2006 (4) SCC 1, M. Raja v.
CEERI Educational Society, Pilani 2006 (12) SCC 636, S.C. Chandra v. State
of Jharkhand 2007 (8) SCC 279, Kurukshetra Central Co-operative Bank Ltd
v. Mehar Chand 2007 (15) SCC 680, and Official Liquidator v. Dayanand 2008
10 SCC 1.” (emphasis added)
16. The learned Single Judge of the High Court, while allowing the writ
filed by the respondent extended the benefit of the said G.O. Ms. No.22
dated 28.02.2006 and directed the appellants to grant regularisation of
respondent’s service from the date of completion of ten years of service
with salary and other benefits. The learned Judge failed to take note of
the fact that as per G.O. Ms.No. 22 dated 28.02.2006, the services of
employees working in various government departments on full-time daily wage
basis, who have completed more than ten years of continuous service as on
01.01.2006 will be regularised and not part-time Masalchis like the
respondent herein. In G.O.Ms. No. 84 dated 18.06.2012, the Government made
it clear that G.O.Ms. No. 22 dated 28.02.2006 is applicable only to full-
time daily wagers and not to part-time daily wagers. Respondent was
temporarily appointed part-time worker as per Tamil Nadu Finance Code
Volume (2) Appendix (5) and his appointment was completely temporary. The
respondent being appointed as part-time Masalchi, cannot compare himself to
full-time daily wagers and seek benefit of G.O.Ms.No.22 dated 28.02.2006.
The Single Judge also failed to consider that the Government did not grant
regularisation of services of any part-time employee on completion of ten
years of his service as envisaged under the G.O.Ms. No.22 dated 28.02.2006.
17. The learned Single Judge erred in extending the benefit of
G.O.Ms.No.22 dated 28.02.2006 to the respondent that too retrospectively
from the date of completion of ten years of service of the respondent. The
respondent was appointed on 01.04.1989 and completed ten years of service
on 31.03.1999. As rightly contended by the learned senior counsel for the
appellants, if the respondent is to be given monetary benefits from the
date of completion of ten years of service, that is from 01.04.1999 till
the date of his regularization that is 18.06.2012, the financial commitment
to the State would be around Rs.10,85,113/- (approximately)towards back
wages apart from pension which will have a huge impact on the State
exchequer. That apart, the learned senior counsel for the appellant
submitted that in respect of Registration Department, about 172 persons
were regularized under various G.Os. and if the impugned order is
sustained, the Government will have to pay the back wages to all those
persons from the date of completion of ten years in service and this will
have a huge impact on the State exchequer. Since the impugned order
directing regularization of the respondent from the date of completion of
their ten years would adversely affect the State exchequer in a huge
manner, the impugned order cannot be sustained on this score also.
18. It is pertinent to note that even the regularisation of services of
part-time employees vide G.O.(Rt.) No.505 Finance (AA-2) Department dated
14.10.2009 and G.O.(2D) No.32 Finance (T.A. 2)Department dated 26.03.2010
was effectedby extending the benefit of G.O. dated 28.02.2006 only from
the date of Government Orders and not from the date of completion of their
ten years of service. The Division Bench also failed to take note that
G.O.Ms.No. 22 P &AR Dept. dated 28.02.2006 is applicable only to full-time
daily wage employees and who had completed ten years of continuous service
as on 01.01.2006 and not to part-time employees.As per G.O.(Rt.) No.84
dated 18.06.2012, the respondent is entitled to the monetary benefits only
from the date of issuance of Government Order regularizing his service that
is 18.06.2012. The impugned order of the Division Bench affirming the order
of the Single Judge granting benefits to the respondent from the date of
completion of ten years of service is erroneous and the same is liable to
be set aside.
19. In the result, the impugned order is set aside and this appeal is
allowed. No costs.
…….…………...………J.
[KURIAN JOSEPH]
…………….……………J.
[R. BANUMATHI]
New Delhi;
March 07, 2017
