REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL No. 860 OF 2006
SRI MALAPRABHA CO-OP SUGAR FACTORY
LTD ..APPELLANT(S)
Versus
STATE OF KARNATAKA & ORS. .. RESPONDENTS
J U D G M E N T
VIKRAMAJIT SEN,J.
1 This Appeal brings into challenge the Judgment of the Division Bench
of the High Court of Karnataka in terms of which the Judgment of the
learned Single Judge had been upheld; however, with the direction that the
competent authority shall examine the claim made by the Appellant for being
classified as a non-captive unit. On 29.7.2004, while issuing notice it
had been clarified that the impugned Judgment had not been stayed.
2 The facts that are relevant for deciding the present Appeal,
succinctly, are that the Respondent State had fixed the price of rectified
spirit uniformly at [pic] 6/- per litre by Government Order dated
12.5.1992. While doing so, it had been indicated that the captive
distilleries would be entitled to receive only [pic] 5/- per litre, and the
balance [pic] 1/- per litre would be receivable by the Respondent State.
For the period of 1.7.1992 to 30.6.1993, supplies of rectified spirit were
made by the Appellant to various parties and the entire sum at the rate of
[pic] 6/- per litre was recovered/received by the Appellant. It will be
relevant to underscore that the supply of rectified spirit (ethyl alcohol)
was made by the Appellant with full knowledge of the Government Order to
which challenge has been made, namely, the payment of [pic] 1/- per litre
to the State Government. The Appellant does not dispute that it is a
captive distillery, since it produces molasses which is then distilled and
converted into ethyl alcohol/rectified spirit/industrial alcohol. The
Government Order dated 12.5.1992 has not been assailed by the Appellant at
any point of time. When a demand for a sum of [pic] 13,32,000/- was
raised by the Superintendent of Excise, Huballi, by letter dated 15.12.93,
a challenge by way of the filing of a writ petition was initiated.
3 The Respondent State is empowered to fix the price of rectified
spirit by virtue of Rule 17 of the Karnataka Excise (Manufacture and
Bottling of Arrack) Rules, 1987, the vires of which have not been
questioned. The Rule is reproduced for facility of reference:
Rule 17 - Rectified spirit – Whether Rule 17 which empowers the
Government to fix the price of rectified spirit, valid?
K.Shivashankar Bhat, J., Held. - Rule 17 of the State rules, invoked
in the present case, nowhere lays down nor indicate the principles or
factors to be considered while the Excise Commissioner fixes the price with
the prior approval of the State Government. The case of other liquors may
be different, because, in those cases, the State has exclusive privilege to
deal with those liquors/intoxicants, unlike the case of rectified spirit.
The permissible limits of delegation of legislative function cannot be
stretched so as to make it notional. It cannot be said that the limitation
on the delegation of legislative function has reached a vanishing point.
Limitation is needed to prevent any possible dictatorial power being vested
in the executive by the legislature. Rule 17 insofar as it empowers of the
fixation of price of rectified spirit, is therefore, declared as
unconstitutional and ultra vires the provisions of the State Act.
4 The manner in which the trade of arrack is conducted can be gleaned,
inter alia, from a reading of Rule 13, which is also reproduced for
convenience:
Rule 13. Stock of rectified spirit. – (1) The quantity of rectified
spirit required for the warehouse shall be allotted by the Commissioner
from time to time. It shall be drawn from the distillery on indents duly
countersigned by the Warehouse Officer. The transportation charges shall
be borne by the licensee. The distillery shall issue such quantity of
rectified spirit as allotted by the Commissioner, to the warehouse at the
rates fixed by the Commissioner under Rule 17.
(2) The stock of spirit when received at the warehouse shall be verified
by the Warehouse Officer by volume and strength or the quantity of pure
alcohol in it and taken to the storage vats. The Warehouse Officer shall
furnish a certificate of such verification to the Distillery Officer
concerned and shall keep a register showing the details of stock indented,
issued by the distillery and the stock as received in the warehouse.
(3) Gauging of spirit shall be made by the Warehouse Officer everyday in
the presence of the licensee or his authorized representative and the
result thereon shall be recorded in a register, which shall be attested by
both the Officer and the licensee or his representative.
(4) (a) The licensee or his authorized representative shall give a
requisition for the transfer of such quantity of spirit for the production
of arrack to the vessels kept for the purpose. The requisition shall
contain information as to the date, batch, number, quantity, spirit vat
number from which to be issued, and the vessel number to which it should be
transferred.
(b) The Warehouse Officer on receipt of the requisition may permit
the transfer after gauging the stock in volume and strength.
A perusal of the said Rule makes it patently clear that the Commissioner
allots quantities of rectified spirit from the distillery to a ‘warehouse’,
and the indents are duly counter signed by the Warehouse Officer. The Rule
clarifies that the transportation charges are to be borne by the licencee.
This arrangement, so far as transportation expenses are concerned,
obviously does not arise where molasses is readily available in the very
same premises where its conversion or distillation into rectified spirit
takes place. The contention of learned counsel for the Appellant is that
the State is not entitled to take away the extra profit of [pic] 1/- per
litre which the Appellant earns because molasses is available in its own
premises. This argument, however, conveniently ignores the fact that the
Respondent State had made it incontrovertibly clear that it would permit
the Appellant to sell rectified spirit at the common fixed rate of [pic] 6/-
provided it transferred [pic] 1/- per litre to the State. If the
Appellant was serious in questioning the legal capacity of the Respondent
State recover the said [pic] 1/- per litre, it perforce had to challenge
the Government Order dated 12.5.1992. Having failed to do so it cannot,
thereafter, challenge the Demand dated 15.12.1993 which is predicted on the
Government Order itself. Learned counsel for the Respondent State has made
an attempt to rely on the decisions of this Court in Bihar Distillery vs.
Union of India AIR (1997) SC 1208, as also Synthetics & Chemicals Ltd. v.
State of U.P. (1990) 1 SCC 109. We have not permitted him to do so for
the simple reason that the question of law that had engaged the attention
of the Court in those cases, as well as in Vam Organics Chemicals Ltd. v.
State of U.P. (1997) 2 SCC 715 was altogether different. In the three
cases, the challenge was to the competence of the State Government to
impose administrative charges for regulating the holding of rectified
spirit, since there is an omnipresent danger of the rectified spirit being
surreptitiously diverted for the illicit production of arrack and for that
matter even Indian-Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL). Learned counsel for the
Appellant has endeavoured to place reliance on the decision in Pratima
Chowdhury v. Kalpana Mukherjee (2014) 4 SCC 196, in order to buttress the
argument that estoppel cannot be claimed by the Respondent State; we are
unable to appreciate the reliance on this decision in support of this
contention. What we have before us is a simple case of recovery of dues,
viz. at rates which had been declared well before the permission to supply
rectified spirit was accorded to the Appellant. The position may have
been different had the Respondent State failed to pass relevant orders or
had it failed to inform the Appellant that, since it did not incur
transportation costs, this amount, which had been predetermined at
[pic]1/- per litre, would be payable to the State.
5 There were three Appellants before the Division Bench of the High
Court of Karnataka but only one of them, i.e. the Appellant before us, has
decided to further challenge the Demand of [pic] 13,32,000/- being accorded
at [pic] 1/- per litre sold by the Appellant. It is also relevant to
mention that the Appellant has not challenged the Demand of transportation
charges of [pic] 1/- per litre for any subsequent charges.
6 We find no substance in the Appeal. The Appellant had full
knowledge of the fact that it had been permitted to supply rectified spirit
to third parties who are engaged in the business of production of arrack on
the condition that of the general fixed price of [pic] 6/- per litre, [pic]
1/- per litre would have to be made over to the Respondent State.
7 The Appeal is accordingly dismissed, with no order as to costs.
..............................................J.
[VIKRAMAJIT SEN]
..............................................J.
[SHIVA KIRTI SINGH]
New Delhi;
August 21, 2015.
-----------------------
7
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL No. 860 OF 2006
SRI MALAPRABHA CO-OP SUGAR FACTORY
LTD ..APPELLANT(S)
Versus
STATE OF KARNATAKA & ORS. .. RESPONDENTS
J U D G M E N T
VIKRAMAJIT SEN,J.
1 This Appeal brings into challenge the Judgment of the Division Bench
of the High Court of Karnataka in terms of which the Judgment of the
learned Single Judge had been upheld; however, with the direction that the
competent authority shall examine the claim made by the Appellant for being
classified as a non-captive unit. On 29.7.2004, while issuing notice it
had been clarified that the impugned Judgment had not been stayed.
2 The facts that are relevant for deciding the present Appeal,
succinctly, are that the Respondent State had fixed the price of rectified
spirit uniformly at [pic] 6/- per litre by Government Order dated
12.5.1992. While doing so, it had been indicated that the captive
distilleries would be entitled to receive only [pic] 5/- per litre, and the
balance [pic] 1/- per litre would be receivable by the Respondent State.
For the period of 1.7.1992 to 30.6.1993, supplies of rectified spirit were
made by the Appellant to various parties and the entire sum at the rate of
[pic] 6/- per litre was recovered/received by the Appellant. It will be
relevant to underscore that the supply of rectified spirit (ethyl alcohol)
was made by the Appellant with full knowledge of the Government Order to
which challenge has been made, namely, the payment of [pic] 1/- per litre
to the State Government. The Appellant does not dispute that it is a
captive distillery, since it produces molasses which is then distilled and
converted into ethyl alcohol/rectified spirit/industrial alcohol. The
Government Order dated 12.5.1992 has not been assailed by the Appellant at
any point of time. When a demand for a sum of [pic] 13,32,000/- was
raised by the Superintendent of Excise, Huballi, by letter dated 15.12.93,
a challenge by way of the filing of a writ petition was initiated.
3 The Respondent State is empowered to fix the price of rectified
spirit by virtue of Rule 17 of the Karnataka Excise (Manufacture and
Bottling of Arrack) Rules, 1987, the vires of which have not been
questioned. The Rule is reproduced for facility of reference:
Rule 17 - Rectified spirit – Whether Rule 17 which empowers the
Government to fix the price of rectified spirit, valid?
K.Shivashankar Bhat, J., Held. - Rule 17 of the State rules, invoked
in the present case, nowhere lays down nor indicate the principles or
factors to be considered while the Excise Commissioner fixes the price with
the prior approval of the State Government. The case of other liquors may
be different, because, in those cases, the State has exclusive privilege to
deal with those liquors/intoxicants, unlike the case of rectified spirit.
The permissible limits of delegation of legislative function cannot be
stretched so as to make it notional. It cannot be said that the limitation
on the delegation of legislative function has reached a vanishing point.
Limitation is needed to prevent any possible dictatorial power being vested
in the executive by the legislature. Rule 17 insofar as it empowers of the
fixation of price of rectified spirit, is therefore, declared as
unconstitutional and ultra vires the provisions of the State Act.
4 The manner in which the trade of arrack is conducted can be gleaned,
inter alia, from a reading of Rule 13, which is also reproduced for
convenience:
Rule 13. Stock of rectified spirit. – (1) The quantity of rectified
spirit required for the warehouse shall be allotted by the Commissioner
from time to time. It shall be drawn from the distillery on indents duly
countersigned by the Warehouse Officer. The transportation charges shall
be borne by the licensee. The distillery shall issue such quantity of
rectified spirit as allotted by the Commissioner, to the warehouse at the
rates fixed by the Commissioner under Rule 17.
(2) The stock of spirit when received at the warehouse shall be verified
by the Warehouse Officer by volume and strength or the quantity of pure
alcohol in it and taken to the storage vats. The Warehouse Officer shall
furnish a certificate of such verification to the Distillery Officer
concerned and shall keep a register showing the details of stock indented,
issued by the distillery and the stock as received in the warehouse.
(3) Gauging of spirit shall be made by the Warehouse Officer everyday in
the presence of the licensee or his authorized representative and the
result thereon shall be recorded in a register, which shall be attested by
both the Officer and the licensee or his representative.
(4) (a) The licensee or his authorized representative shall give a
requisition for the transfer of such quantity of spirit for the production
of arrack to the vessels kept for the purpose. The requisition shall
contain information as to the date, batch, number, quantity, spirit vat
number from which to be issued, and the vessel number to which it should be
transferred.
(b) The Warehouse Officer on receipt of the requisition may permit
the transfer after gauging the stock in volume and strength.
A perusal of the said Rule makes it patently clear that the Commissioner
allots quantities of rectified spirit from the distillery to a ‘warehouse’,
and the indents are duly counter signed by the Warehouse Officer. The Rule
clarifies that the transportation charges are to be borne by the licencee.
This arrangement, so far as transportation expenses are concerned,
obviously does not arise where molasses is readily available in the very
same premises where its conversion or distillation into rectified spirit
takes place. The contention of learned counsel for the Appellant is that
the State is not entitled to take away the extra profit of [pic] 1/- per
litre which the Appellant earns because molasses is available in its own
premises. This argument, however, conveniently ignores the fact that the
Respondent State had made it incontrovertibly clear that it would permit
the Appellant to sell rectified spirit at the common fixed rate of [pic] 6/-
provided it transferred [pic] 1/- per litre to the State. If the
Appellant was serious in questioning the legal capacity of the Respondent
State recover the said [pic] 1/- per litre, it perforce had to challenge
the Government Order dated 12.5.1992. Having failed to do so it cannot,
thereafter, challenge the Demand dated 15.12.1993 which is predicted on the
Government Order itself. Learned counsel for the Respondent State has made
an attempt to rely on the decisions of this Court in Bihar Distillery vs.
Union of India AIR (1997) SC 1208, as also Synthetics & Chemicals Ltd. v.
State of U.P. (1990) 1 SCC 109. We have not permitted him to do so for
the simple reason that the question of law that had engaged the attention
of the Court in those cases, as well as in Vam Organics Chemicals Ltd. v.
State of U.P. (1997) 2 SCC 715 was altogether different. In the three
cases, the challenge was to the competence of the State Government to
impose administrative charges for regulating the holding of rectified
spirit, since there is an omnipresent danger of the rectified spirit being
surreptitiously diverted for the illicit production of arrack and for that
matter even Indian-Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL). Learned counsel for the
Appellant has endeavoured to place reliance on the decision in Pratima
Chowdhury v. Kalpana Mukherjee (2014) 4 SCC 196, in order to buttress the
argument that estoppel cannot be claimed by the Respondent State; we are
unable to appreciate the reliance on this decision in support of this
contention. What we have before us is a simple case of recovery of dues,
viz. at rates which had been declared well before the permission to supply
rectified spirit was accorded to the Appellant. The position may have
been different had the Respondent State failed to pass relevant orders or
had it failed to inform the Appellant that, since it did not incur
transportation costs, this amount, which had been predetermined at
[pic]1/- per litre, would be payable to the State.
5 There were three Appellants before the Division Bench of the High
Court of Karnataka but only one of them, i.e. the Appellant before us, has
decided to further challenge the Demand of [pic] 13,32,000/- being accorded
at [pic] 1/- per litre sold by the Appellant. It is also relevant to
mention that the Appellant has not challenged the Demand of transportation
charges of [pic] 1/- per litre for any subsequent charges.
6 We find no substance in the Appeal. The Appellant had full
knowledge of the fact that it had been permitted to supply rectified spirit
to third parties who are engaged in the business of production of arrack on
the condition that of the general fixed price of [pic] 6/- per litre, [pic]
1/- per litre would have to be made over to the Respondent State.
7 The Appeal is accordingly dismissed, with no order as to costs.
..............................................J.
[VIKRAMAJIT SEN]
..............................................J.
[SHIVA KIRTI SINGH]
New Delhi;
August 21, 2015.
-----------------------
7
