REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO.1563 OF 2007
CELLULAR OPERATORS ASSOCIATION
OF INDIA & ORS. ... APPELLANTS
VERSUS
TELECOM REGULATORY AUTHORITY
OF INDIA & ORS. ... RESPONDENTS
J U D G M E N T
SUDHANSU JYOTI MUKHOPADHAYA, J.
This appeal has been preferred by the appellants against the order
dated 22nd December, 2006 passed by the Telecom Disputes Settlement &
Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi (hereinafter referred to as the 'Tribunal')
in Appeal No.2 of 2006 (with M.A. No.58 of 2006). By the impugned order,
the Tribunal while dismissing the appeal disposed of the M.A.No.58 of 2006
with certain observations.
2. The factual matrix of the case is as follows:
Appellant Nos.2 to 10 are private GSM cellular operators and the
first appellant is their Association. They have been issued licences by the
Central Government, Department of Telecommunication (hereinafter referred
to as 'DoT') under Section 4 of Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 to establish,
maintain and operate cellular mobile telephone services/unified access
services in their respective service areas. The first respondent is
Regulatory Authority established under Section 3 of the Telecom Regulatory
Authority of India Act, 1997 (hereinafter referred to as 'TRAI Act').
3. The first respondent-Authority issued a directive dated 27th
February, 2006 wherein appellants - private mobile service providers in the
four States of Maharashtra, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh were
directed to discontinue differential tariffs levied in the aforesaid four
States for calls terminating in the network of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
(hereinafter referred to as 'BSNL')/Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
(hereinafter referred to as 'MTNL') as compared to calls terminating in the
network of other private operators in another citing it to be
discriminatory and inconsistent with the amended licence condition notified
by the DoT on 20th May, 2005. The appellants complied with the directive
dated 27th February, 2006 and submitted compliance report to the Authority.
4. Subsequently, by its directive dated 22nd March, 2007, the first
respondent-Authority, inter alia, directed the appellants-service providers
to assess the total excess amount charged from the subscribers; keep the
entire amount in a separate Bank Account and intimate the Authority the
names of the Banks in which such amount has been kept. After receipt of
such notice dated 22nd March, 2007 the appellants preferred an appeal under
Section 14 read with Section 14A of the TRAI Act challenging the direction
dated 27th February, 2006. The challenge was made on the ground that the
direction was discriminatory and inconsistent with the amended licence
conditions notified by the DoT on 20th May, 2005. The main plea raised by
the appellants justifying the differential half of calls from private
operator to another private operator vis--vis calls from private operator
to BSNL network was that direct connectivity could be achieved between
networks of private operators but it could not be achieved between private
operators and BSNL network.
5. Initially, BSNL/MTNL was not party to the said appeal. The Tribunal
having noticed that the appeal pertains to the differential tariff of calls
from private operator to another private operator vis--vis calls made from
private operator to BSNL/MTNL network directed the appellants to implead
the BSNL/MTNL as respondent. After hearing the parties, the Tribunal passed
the impugned order dated 22nd December, 2006 dismissing the appeal and
disposing of the M.A.No. 58 of 2006 with the observations and directions as
quoted above.
6. In appreciation of the case, it is relevant to notice the following
facts:
For grant of licences, India was divided into four metro service
areas of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai and various telecom circles
which were roughly contiguous to the State of India. In the first phase,
licences were granted for the four metro service areas in 1994 and
thereafter in the Circles/States in 1995 defining the geographical limits
within which the licensee may operate and offer the services. For Mumbai,
Chennai, Kolkata and Delhi, in the aforesaid manner, separate licences were
issued by the DoT. Separate and distinct licences were issued for the
States of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal excluding the three
metropolitan cities of Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata respectively for which
licences were given to MTNL. As far as State of Uttar Pradesh is concerned,
it was divided into two Telecom circles, i.e., U.P. (East) and U.P.(West)
with separate licences for U.P.(East) and U.P.(West).
7. The first respondent-Authority has laid down Inter Connection Usage
Charges (hereinafter referred to as 'IUC') with respect to the changing for
the use of network elements of other operators which include termination
charges, carriage charges and access deficit charge for use of network
elements of other operators. These charges for inter-circle calls are
different from those for intra-circle calls. On 20th May, 2005, the
Government of India notified that inter-service area connectivity between
access providers within Mumbai Metro and Maharasthra Telecom Circle,
Chennai Metro and Tamil Nadu Telecom Circle, Kolkata Metro and West Bengal
Telecom Circle and U.P.(East) and U.P.(West) Telecom Circle service areas
respectively, is permitted subject to condition that the access provider
will operate within the existing licensed service area and shall not be
permitted to create infrastructure outside their licensed service area for
the purpose of inter-service area connectivity. It was further provided
that the access provider may take leased lines for such connectivity. With
the above arrangement, calls within a State in the above mentioned four
states would be treated as intra-service area calls for the purposes of
routing as well as ADC.
8. The final result of the above said notification was that the metros
were merged with the respective State circles and the calls from metros to
the remaining areas of the respective States and in case of U.P.(East) and
U.P.(West) circles from one to the other, were to be treated as intra-
circle calls.
9. The appellants were charging higher tariff for calls made from
appellant's network in the metros to the BSNL and MTNL networks in the
remaining areas of the State compared to calls made from appellant's
network in the metros to another appellant's network in the remaining areas
of the State. For example, a subscriber on a private operator's network
calling from Mumbai to another private operator's subscriber at Nasik was
being charged at low rate as compared to a call made by the same subscriber
from the same place to BSNL subscriber at the other place. In this
background, the first respondent by Circular dated 27th February, 2006
observed that this differential tariff was discriminatory and inconsistent
with the amended licence condition notified by the DoT on 20th May, 2005
and, therefore, directed the appellants to immediately discontinue such
differential tariff and asked for compliance of the same within 15 days.
10. As noticed above, the first respondent-authority vide Circular dated
No.101-15/2005-MN dated 27th February, 2006 observed that differential
tariff was discriminatory and inconsistent with the amended licence
conditions notified by the DoT on 20th May, 2005 and, therefore, directed
the appellants to immediately discontinue such differential tariff and ask
for compliance within 15 days.
11. The aforesaid direction was challenged by the appellants before the
Tribunal with a prayer to set aside the directions issued by the Circular
No.101-15/2005-MN dated 27th February, 2006. The appellants also sought for
an interim relief granting ex-parte stay of operation of the said circular.
12. The Tribunal having not granted any interim relief, the appellants
moved before the High Court in a Writ Petition, being W.P.(C) No.5428 of
2006. The High Court observed that no punitive or coercive action shall be
taken by the first respondent Authority at least till the next date of
hearing before the Tribunal and disposed of the writ petition. The Tribunal
by the impugned order dated 22nd December, 2006 held as follows:
"26. Having gone through the documents produced by both the parties and
having heard arguments we are of the view that the appellants did not make
adequate effort to provide direct connectivity between the appellants' MSCs
and the BSNL/MTNL's MSCs which would have brought tariffs at part for calls
made within the appellants' network. We are also left with the impression
that DoT and BSNL could have taken a more pro-active approach to ensure
that the requisite leased lines and Ps of I were made available for
establishing direct connectivity in a time bound manner which would have
helped achieving the transition sought to be brought about by the DoT
notification of 20-5-2005 in a more smooth manner. Be that as it may, we do
not agree with the argument put forth by the appellants about the
protection to them for charging higher tariff under the clause of
forbearance. The clause of non-discrimination is very clear and self-
explanatory which has been defied by the appellants. We do not find any
merit in the appeal and the same is dismissed. M.A. No. 58 of 2006 also
stands disposed."
13. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellants submitted that
the differential tariffs are because of the difference in the cost elements
involved in the two natures of calls. Insofar as calls terminating in the
network of BSNL/MTNL are concerned, as direct connectivity had not been
established between the appellant's network and BSNL/MTNL network, the
appellants were obliged to pay carriage charges to BSNL and MTNL
(respondent nos. 2 and 3) for calls terminating on their networks. But in
case of a call terminating in the network of the private operator these
charges were not applicable as direct connectivity had been established
between the private operators. Therefore, the cost elements involved in the
two calls were different leading to a difference in tariffs charged by the
service provider for such calls from its subscribers. The above position is
explained with the help of a Diagram to show that in the case of a call
from a metro like Mumbai to another place like Pune, the call between two
subscribes of private networks is connected directly, which in the case of
a call to BSNL subscriber is treated as a STD call as it is first connected
to Nagpur and then to Pune, which is the routing plan for STD calls.
According to appellants, in STD arrangement, BSNL as the National Long
Distance Operator was able to recover carriage charges which were as high
as Rs.1.10 per minute, which charges would no longer be payable once direct
connectivity was established.
14. Thus the reason for the differential tariffs as per the appellant was
that the call between subscribers of private operators was routed directly
and costed as a local call while the call to a BSNL/MTNL subscriber was
routed through another place and costed as an STD call.
15. It was further contended that the aforesaid position had continued
right from July, 2005 in the knowledge of the first respondent and now in
sudden turn around, the first respondent chose to disregard the compulsions
under which the private operators were constrained to offer differential
tariffs and directed the private operators to discontinue the differential
tariff. Its net effect was to force the operators to increase their tariffs
for calls terminating on the network of other private operator or
alternatively reduce the tariff for calls to BSNL/MTNL subscribers and pay
the difference from their own pocket. Either of these alternatives would be
against the fundamental duties and responsibilities of the first respondent
under the Act and the impugned action was not only against the public
interest but would also have put the private operators in a highly
disadvantageous position.
16. Learned counsel for the appellant further submitted that the Tribunal
erred in law in not appreciating that simply prescribing differential
tariff does not violate the mandate of Article 14 of the Constitution or
result in discrimination; the same class has to be determined in accordance
with the similarity of features of its constituents. According to the
appellants, the costs involved in the nature of the two calls are different
and, therefore, though the subscribers belong to the appellants, they form
a distinct class when they make a call to the BSNL Cell one number. It is
also submitted that the Tribunal failed to notice that the DoT decision of
20th May, 2005 explicitly stated that the tariffs which were under
forbearance would continue to be regulated by market forces.
17. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of first respondent submitted
that it was the duty of the appellants to arrange the leased lines for
establishing direct connectivity with the BSNL network as they had done to
connect each other's network. The appellants no where pleaded that the
second respondent denied the provision of Points of Interconnect
(hereinafter referred to as 'Ps of I') and the only pleading was with
respect to non-grant of leased lines by BSNL. In fact, the appellants never
approached the BSNL for provision of Ps of I.
18. It was brought to the notice of the Court that immediately on issue
of letter by the DoT when the metro circles were merged with the respective
state circles, BSNL had issued a Circular on 24th May, 2005 asking the
appellants to sign addenda to the existing interconnect agreements for
provision of Ps of I. However, no effort was made by the appellants to this
effect. In another case before the Tribunal, respondent No.2 had stated on
affidavit that wherever the payments have been made, the Ps of I were being
provided within 90 days. In these four service areas, no demand was ever
placed on BSNL.
19. Similar was the stand taken by the appellants and respondents before
the Tribunal. The Tribunal observed that some demands for Ps of I/E-1
connectivity were placed by the appellants on BSNL but as late as in
December 2005, January 2006 and February 2006. The Tribunal held that there
was no reason that in case infrastructure for direct connectivity could be
created for connecting amongst themselves the networks of the appellants,
the same could not be done for connecting the MSCs of appellants' networks
to those of BSNL/MTNL networks in the four service areas in question.
The Tribunal rightly held that the appellant could have made use of
the similar leased lines as they had between their networks and asked for
Ps of I from the BSNL for the MSCs located in these four service areas
which was not done. No effort was made by the appellants to create this
direct connectivity and they took recourse to the easier way of handing the
traffic to the BSNL as National Long Distance Operator and continued
charging the consumers higher tariffs.
20. The respondent has prescribed the tariffs for various calls/telecom
services under the Telecommunication Tariff Order 1999 as amended from time
to time. As a general condition clause 6 of the Tariff Order prescribes
that no service provider shall, in any manner, discriminate between
subscribers of the same class and such classification shall not be
arbitrary. Further, clause 2(k) of the Tariff Order defines "Non-
discrimination" to mean that service provider shall not, in the matter of
application of tariffs, discriminate between subscribes of the same class
and such classification of subscribes shall not be arbitrary. Clause 2(k)
and Clause 6 of the Tariff Order are reproduced herein under:
"2(k) Non-discrimination means that service provider shall not in the
matter of application of tariffs, discriminate between subscribers of the
same class and such classification of subscribers shall not be arbitrary.
Clause 6. Non-discrimination: No service provider shall, in any manner,
discriminate between subscribers of the same class and such classification
shall not be arbitrary."
In terms of the above Tariff Order, the first respondent in September
2002, introduced forbearance in prescribing tariffs as far as Cellular
calls are concerned and in taking this decision the first respondent took
note of the emerging market scenario and came to the conclusion that a
stage had been reached, when market forces could effectively regulate the
cellular tariff.
21. The question whether the non-discrimination clause is applicable to
the class of subscribers making call to another private network from a
private network as compared to the class making call from a private network
to BSNL/MTNL network was raised by both the parties. The appellants'
contention was that they were two different classes since the routing of
the call was different and BSNL was charging higher amount for the latter
category of calls. In reply to the same, it has been rightly contended on
behalf of the respondents that the same subscriber or two subscribers from
the same house making calls from the same network to another private
network or to BSNL network located at the same destination form the same
class. The interpretation of the respondents being more logical was also
accepted by the Tribunal. For the said reason the Tribunal rightly held
that the action of appellants amount to discrimination between the same
class of subscribers which is against the basic definition laid down in
Clause 2(k) of the Tariff Order.
22. On 20th May, 2005, the Government of India announced that inter
service area connectivity between Access Providers within four States -
Mumbai Metro & Maharashtra Telecom Circle, Chennai Metro & Tamil Nadu
Telecom Circle, Kolkata Metro & West Bengal Telecom Circle and U.P. (East)
& U.P.(West) Telecom Circle Service areas is permitted subject to the
condition that the Access provider will operate within their existing
licensed service area and shall not be permitted to create infrastructure
outside their licensed service area for the purpose of inter-service area
connectivity. The access providers may take lease lines for such
connectivity. This inter-service area connectivity shall be only for
terminating traffic. Relevant extracts from Clause 5.2 and 6.0 of the
Circular dated 24th May, 2005 are reproduced hereunder:
"5.2. The traffic organized by mobile subscribers belonging to one service
area but located in another service area within same state shall be treated
as home network traffic instead of national roaming traffic. This principle
shall be applicable for both charging at POI as well as traffic
certificates for ADC billing. Further, since the traffic between two
service areas within same state shall be treated as intra-service area
traffic, therefore, such traffic shall not be handed over by NLDOs to BSNL.
6.0. The access service providers of these four states shall be permitted
to seek POIs with BSNL switches in the complete state irrespective of their
service areas in which they can provide their services. Concerned access
provider shall have to sign separate Addenda to existing Interconnect
Agreements with BSNL for establishing these new POIs with BSNL. Till the
time these Addendas are signed and new POIs established the existing
arrangements shall continue including handover of such calls to BSNL
through NLDOs treating the traffic as inter circle and charging IUC
accordingly. All the traffic within a state (in these four States only and
in case of State of UP it also includes State of Uttaranchal) shall be
treated as intra circle traffic and IUC charged accordingly at POI (except
the traffic handed over at POIs of NLDOs) as well as for the purpose of
traffic certificates for ADC billing. These new POIs, as above, shall be
commissioned after concerned access providers sign these Addendas to their
existing Interconnect Agreement with BSNL. These instructions are to be
implemented w.e.f. 0000 hours of 25th May, 2005."
The net effect of the aforesaid Circular was that the appellants were
to sign the Addenda agreements with BSNL and then apply for new Ps of I and
till such time that the new Ps of I are established the existing
arrangements were to continue.
23. We have noticed that the appellants took advantage of the aforesaid
provision. But they did not apply before the BSNL/MTNL to apply new Ps of I
and treating the tariff as inter service charges differently from same sets
of consumers. The access providers have option to continue with the
existing inter-connected routing of the class of service areas but that
cannot be a ground to discriminate, in any manner, between the subscribers
of the same class. The Tribunal rightly held that the appellants - service
providers discriminated between subscribers of the same class; one on the
ground that the call ends with the private parties and another on the
ground that the call ends with BSNL/MTNL. The classification of the
subscribers into two categories on the basis of calls made by them from
private network to another private network and from private network to
BSNL/MTNL network is arbitrary as it fails to satisfy the twin test for
reasonable classification laid down by this Court in State of West Bengal
v. Anwar Ali Sarkar & Anr. AIR 1952 SC 75. Therefore, the Tribunal rightly
dismissed the appeal.
24. We find no merit in this appeal, it is accordingly dismissed. No
costs.
....................................................J.
(SUDHANSU JYOTI MUKHOPADHAYA)
....................................................J.
(PRAFULLA C. PANT)
NEW DELHI;
JANUARY 30, 2015.
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