Reportable
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 1195 of 2006
Sayed Darain Ahsan @ Darain ...... Appellant
Versus
State of West Bengal & Anr. ...... Respondents
J U D G M E N T
A. K. PATNAIK, J.
This is an appeal by way of special leave under Article 136 of the
Constitution of India against the judgment dated 12.05.2006 of the High
Court of Calcutta in C.R.A. No.244 of 2003 affirming the conviction of the
appellant under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code
(for short 'IPC') as well the sentence of life imprisonment imposed on the
appellant by the trial court and dismissing the appeal of the appellant.
2. The facts briefly are that an FIR was lodged with the Officer-in-
charge of the Garden Reach Police Station, Calcutta, on 11.02.2001 at
about 10.18 P.M. by Md. Rashid Khan. In the FIR, Rashid stated that
on 11.02.2001 at about 9.45 P.M. when he was sitting along with Md.
Shamim Ansari at the junction of Iron Gate Road and Risaldar Gate Road
and gossiping, Md. Jahangir alias Mughal walked along Iron Gate Road
towards Garden Reach Road at about 9.50 P.M. Suddenly, they heard a
sound of firing from the side of Iron Gate Road and both went there
running and saw that eight to ten persons had encircled Mughal and
were firing at him again and again. Mughal fell down on the street
and the assailants fled away from the spot in different directions and
he could recognize the appellant as one of the assailants.
Thereafter, Rashid and Shamim and some people who had gathered from
neighbouring areas took Mughal to Hannan Nursing Home at B-79, Iron
Gate Road, where Mughal was declared dead. The Officer-in-Charge of
the Police Station registered a case under Sections 120B/302, IPC, and
25(1B)(a)/27 of the Arms Act against the appellant and directed Sub-
Inspector B.C. Sarkar to take up the investigation of the case. After
investigation, chargesheet was filed against the appellant and Abuzar
Hossain under Section 302/34, IPC, and the case was committed to the
Sessions Court for trial.
3. At the trial, the prosecution examined as many as 24 witnesses.
Rashid was examined as PW-3 and Shamim was examined as PW-4. Both PW-
3 and PW-4 supported the prosecution case as narrated in the FIR.
Besides these two eyewitnesses, two more eyewitnesses, who on
11.02.2001 at about 9.00 P.M., were gossiping in front of a shop near
the place of occurrence, Yusuf and Jahid, were examined as PW-5 and PW-
7 and they also supported the prosecution case as narrated in the FIR.
The trial court, after considering the evidence of the four
eyewitnesses as well as the medical and other evidence on record, held
that both the accused persons, the appellant and Abuzar Hossain, were
guilty of the offence under Section 302/34, IPC. The trial court also
heard the parties on the question of sentence and sentenced each of
the two accused persons to suffer life imprisonment and also each of
the accused persons to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/- and in default to
suffer R.I. for one more year. Aggrieved, the appellant filed C.R.A.
No.244 of 2003 before the High Court but the High Court dismissed the
appeal and affirmed the conviction and sentence imposed on the
appellant by the trial court.
4. Mr. S.B. Sanyal, learned senior counsel for the appellant, submitted
that the ocular evidence of PW-3, PW-4, PW-5 and PW-7 ought not to
have been believed because it is inconsistent with the medical
evidence in the present case. He submitted that these witnesses have
said before the Court that the appellant and his associates surrounded
the deceased and all of them fired at the deceased but the medical
evidence reveals that there was only one bullet injury on deceased.
He further submitted that as per the Forensic Science Laboratory
report dated 04.06.2001, the bullet fired was of a .303" rifle, but
the eyewitnesses have said that the assailants had fired from
revolvers. He submitted that if a rifle has been actually used to
kill the deceased, the firing must have taken place from a long
distance and not from a short distance as alleged by the eyewitnesses.
He further submitted that the truth is that Raju, who was the younger
brother of the deceased, was interested in the property of the
deceased, who was a wealthy person, and it is Raju who had killed the
deceased and had set up the witnesses against the appellant. He
submitted that evidence on record establishes that Raju and PW-3
reside in the same premises and PW-4 is a close friend of PW-3, PW-5
knew Raju since his boyhood and PW-7 was a close friend of both PW-4
as well as Raju and PW-5 and PW-7 are friends. He vehemently argued
that all the eyewitnesses were, therefore, interested witnesses and
should not have been believed. He further argued that no Test
Identification Parade was held at the time of investigation and it was
not possible for the witnesses to identify the appellant as one of the
persons who fired at the deceased.
5. Mr. Sanyal cited the decision of this Court in Mani Ram & Ors. v.
State of U.P. [1994 Supp.(2) SCC 289] for the proposition that where
the direct evidence was not supported by the expert evidence, it would
be difficult to convict the accused on the basis of such evidence. He
also relied on State of Punjab v. Rajinder Singh [(2009) 15 SCC 612]
in which it was held that the prosecution story was doubtful because
there was clear inconsistency between medical evidence and ocular
evidence. He submitted that the report dated 04.06.2001 of the
Forensic Science Laboratory was not put to the appellant in his
examination under Section 313 of the Criminal Procedure Code (for
short 'Cr.P.C.'). He cited the decision of this Court in Sharad
Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra [(1984) 4 SCC 116] in which
it has been held that the circumstances, which were not put to the
accused in his examination under Section 313 of the Criminal Procedure
Code, 1973, have to be completely excluded from consideration.
According to Mr. Sanyal, therefore, this is a fit case in which the
appellant should be acquitted of the charges under Section 302/34,
IPC, and the judgments of the High Court and the trial court should be
set aside.
6. Mr. Chanchal Kumar Ganguli, learned counsel appearing for the State,
on the other hand, strongly relied on the evidence of eyewitnesses,
namely, PW-3, PW-4, PW-5, and PW-7 who had all supported the
prosecution case. He submitted that all the eyewitnesses have named
the appellant as the person who was holding a gun and who shot the
deceased. He referred to the report dated 04.06.2001 of the Forensic
Science Laboratory which clearly revealed that the two bullets (Ext.B
& I) were fired through an improvised fire arm, one hit the deceased
in the occipital region and the other grazed the deceased in the
temporal region. He also referred to the seizure list Ext.-2 to show
that an empty cartridge and one bullet head were also found at the
place of occurrence. He submitted that the contention of Mr. Sanyal
that the report dated 04.06.2001 of the Forensic Science Laboratory
was not put to the appellant in his examination under Section 313,
Cr.P.C., is not correct. He referred to the question put by the trial
court to the appellant in which it was brought to the notice of the
appellant that the I.O. sent the seized articles to the Forensic
Science Laboratory after completion of the investigation and only
thereafter the chargesheet was filed against the appellant. He cited
the decision in Gamini Bala Koteswara Rao & Ors. v. State of Andhra
Pradesh through Secretary [(2009) 10 SCC 636] in which this Court has
taken a view on facts that the medical evidence did not in any way
contradict the ocular evidence. He submitted that there is no
inconsistency between the ocular evidence and the medical evidence in
this case and this Court should also accept the ocular evidence of the
four eyewitnesses who had seen the appellant firing at the deceased.
7. We may first deal with the arguments of Mr. Sanyal that the medical
evidence in this case is such as to make the prosecution story as told
by PW-3, PW-4, PW-5 and PW-7 improbable. We extract hereinbelow the
relevant portions of the evidence of PW-3, PW-4, PW-5 and PW-7:
"PW-3 - I heard a sound of firing in the direction of B-35, Iron
Gate Road. On hearing this we ran towards the B-35, Iron Gate Road
and found Daren with 8/10 others surrounded Mogal from all sides.
Daren and his associates were armed with gun. They uttered in a
single voice that Mogal should be finished. Saying this they fired
at Mogal, Mogal fell on the ground with bullet injury.
PW-4 - After some time I heard a sound of firing from the direction
of B-35, Iron Gate Road. I myself and Rashid ran a few distance
and found Daren and eight or ten others. Some of them Mughal from
behind and no by the side of Mughal. They all uttered in a voice
that Mughal should be finished. Saying this Daryen and his
associates started firing upon Mughal. As a result of such firing
Mughal fell on the B-35, Iron Gate Road.
PW-5 - I found also Mughal Bhai coming from the side of Bangalee
Bazar and when he arrived near the mouth of the lane at B-35, Iron
Gate Road at that time Daryen, Abuzar Hossain and other associates
Daryen detained Mughal Bhai. There were about 8/10 persons armed
with revolvers. The Daryen and his associates surrounded Mughal
from his left side and back side. One of those 8/10 persons fired
from the revolver and then Daryen and Abuzar Hossain said to his
associates to kill Jahangir @ Mughal. Immediately all the persons
fired upon Jahangir @ Mughal. I could identify only Daryen and
Abuzar Hossain (identified on the dock). Mughal instantly fell
down on the ground.
PW-7 - At about 9.50 p.m. I found that Mughal Bahi was coming from
the side of Bangalee Bazar towards ourselves and when he reached
near B-35, Iron Gate Road at that time Daryen and Abuzar Hossain
and others encircled Mughal from his behind and side. Out of those
persons somebody fired. Then Daryen, Abuzar and others abusd
filthily Mughal and started firing at random and fired about 6/7
times. They also uttered, "Saleko Khatam Kar do". (identified the
accused Daryen and Abuzar on the dock)."
It will be clear from the evidence of PW-3, PW-4, PW-5 and PW-7 that the
consistent version of all the four eyewitnesses is that the appellant and
his associates fired at the deceased and as a result the deceased fell
down.
8. The medical evidence of this case is of Dr. Amitava Das, PW-12, who
carried out the post mortem on the dead body of deceased. He has stated
that on the dead body of the deceased he found the following injuries:
"1. Injury abrasion 1"x =" over left forehead. 1 = left to mid-line
and =" above left eye-brow.
2. Abrasion -1"x =" over left side of face just above the monistic
and 2" left to mid-line.
3. Abrasion - 2"x1" over interior aspect of lower part of right
chest-wall 9" below right clavicle and 2 =" right to interior mid-
line.
4. Graze abrasion-4"x1" over posterior aspect of lower part of
right arm and right elbow.
5. Graze Abrasion 1=" x 1" over posterior aspect of left elbow.
6. One lacerated wound - =" x <" into bone over right side temporal
region, 1" right of outer of Canvas of right eye and 4" above the
right angle of mandible and 5.5" above right heel with evidence of
gutter fracture involving outer table of right temporal bone-might
have been caused by a grazing bullet.
7. One wound of entrance of gun-shot injury of size =" to =" more
or less oval in shape with radish margin with abrasion 0.2"
surrounding it with brushing underneath with evidence of no
protrusion of fat and evidence of turning of body hair was placed
over right side of posterior aspect of neck just below the hair
border just right to posterior mid-line 1" below external occipital
pursuance 5 ft.2" above right heel."
He has also stated that in his opinion the death was due to the effects of
gun shot injury which was ante-mortem and homicidal in nature. This
obviously refers to injury No.7. Regarding injury No.6, he has stated that
it was not possible for him to say that the injury was caused by grazing by
the bullet or not. Thus the medical evidence is also clear that the death
of the deceased was caused by a bullet injury. The medical evidence
clearly supports and does not contradict the ocular evidence of PW-3, PW-4,
PW-5 and PW-7 that the deceased was killed by the gun shots fired by the
appellant and his associates.
9. In a recent judgment in Abdul Sayeed vs. State of Madhya Pradesh
[(2010) 10 SCC 259] this Court after considering its earlier decisions in
Ram Narain Singh vs. State of Punjab [(1975) 4 SCC 497], State of Haryana
vs. Bhagirath [(1999) 5 SCC 96], Solanki Chimanbhai Ukabhai vs. State of
Gujarat [(1983) 2 SCC 174], Mani Ram vs. State of U.P. [(1994 Supp (2) SCC
289], Khambam Raja Reddy vs. Public Prosecutor [(2006) 11 SCC 239], State
of U.P. vs. Dinesh [(2009) 11 SCC 566 and State of U.P. vs. Hari Chand
[(2009) 13 SCC 542] has held:
"though the ocular testimony of witness has greater evidentiary
value vis-`-vis medical evidence when medical evidence makes the
ocular testimony improbable, that becomes a relevant factor in the
process of evaluation of evidence. However, where the medical
evidence goes so far that it completely rules out all possibility of
the ocular evidence being true, the ocular evidence maybe
disbelieved".
In the facts of the present case, as we have seen, the medical evidence
does not go so far as to rule out all possibility of the ocular evidence
being true. Hence, the ocular evidence cannot be disbelieved.
10. We now turn to the submission of Mr. Sanyal that as per the Forensic
Science Laboratory Report dated 04.06.2001 the bullet was of .303" rifle
whereas the eyewitnesses have said that the assailants had fired from
revolvers. PW-12 who carried out the post-mortem on the dead body of the
deceased has stated that 8 articles were preserved after the post mortem
and these included skin from wound of entry and foreign body (bullet). PW-
24 who took up further investigation of the case has deposed that on
16.02.2001 he received sealed packets collected from CMOH, Alipore during
autopsy like blood, foreign body (bullet) hair etc. and on 16.04.2001 he
sent these articles to Forensic Science Laboratory and thereafter received
the reports from the Forensic Science Laboratory on different dates. The
report dated 04.06.2001 of the Forensic Science Laboratory contains the
result of examination of some of these articles. These articles are an
envelope marked A containing one deformed fired case of a .303" rifle
cartridge (Ext. A), an envelope marked B containing one fired-nose bullet
of .315"/ 8mm caliber (Ext. B), the glass Phial marked I containing one
fired metal jacketed bullet of improvised make having dark brown bloody
stains (Ext. I) and a glass phial J containing semi-solid substance said to
be a piece of human skin (Ext. J). The results of the examination of these
articles as given in the report dated 04.06.2001 of the Forensic Science
Laboratory are as follows:
"The physical condition of ext.A suggested that it was used for
firing through an improvised firearm capable of firing .303" rifle
cartridges.
Although exhibits B and I were not of identical calibers but both
were found to have been fired through improvised firearm. The
scratch mark-patterns on B and I were found to match
characteristically while compared under microscope. Hence it was
revealed that both the exhibits B and I were fired through the same
improvised firearm.
No opinion could be given on exhibit J as it was unfit for any
examination."
The report dated 04.06.2001 of the Forensic Science Laboratory thus is
clear that the fire arms used by the appellant and his associates were
improvised firearms capable of firing .303" rifle cartridges.
11. Dr. B.R. Sharma in his book on Firearms in Criminal Investigation &
Trials published by the Universal Law Publishing Co., Fourth Edition, has
in Chapter 11 on "Improvised Firearms" classified country-made firearms
with reference to the ammunition used in them: 12 bore firearms and .303
firearms. Dr. Sharma has also classified country-made firearms according
to the manner in which they are fired: shoulder firearms or the handguns.
Dr. Sharma has stated that country-made firearms are non-standard firearms
and they are not tested or proved for their fire-worthiness and are,
therefore, usually imperfect contrivances. He has also stated that the
poor construction of the firearms affects the firing process in many
respects and sometimes the incomplete combustion inhibits a complete and
proper development of pressure and the projectiles do not acquire standard
velocities or striking energies.
12. Considering the evidence on record and the opinions of experts we
have discussed, we have no doubt that the deceased has not been shot by a
rifle from a long distance but by improvised or country-made handguns
capable of firing .303 rifle cartridges from a short distance. PW-3 has
described these as guns, whereas PW-5 has described these as revolvers
because he has not been able to distinguish a revolver from a country-made
handgun. PW-4 and PW-7 are silent on whether the appellant and his
associates have used guns or revolvers. Some of these eyewitnesses have
said that all the assailants fired but they could not have known how many
projectiles were actually ejected from these defective improvised firearms
as a result of firing. One bullet has been recovered from the occipital
region of the deceased and another bullet and an empty cartridge have been
recovered from the place of occurrence. Hence, in the present case, the
fact that the other bullets were not recovered either from the body of the
deceased or from the place of occurrence does not belie the prosecution
story that the appellant and his associates fired and killed the deceased.
13. We may now consider the argument of Mr. Sanyal that Raju who was the
younger brother of the deceased had actually killed the deceased and had
set up the witnesses against the appellant and that PW-3, PW-4, PW-5 and PW-
7 were directly or indirectly connected with Raju and were all interested
witnesses. We do not find any material on record to support the contention
of Mr. Sanyal that Raju was behind the killing of the deceased. The
witnesses PW-3 and PW-4 were chatting at the junction of Risaldar Gate Road
and Iron Gate Road and PW5 and PW-7 were gossiping in front of the shop of
PW-6. All four eyewitnesses were of the locality in which the incident
took place and happened to be at the place of occurrence at the time of the
incident and their evidence would show that they have stated whatever they
have actually observed. Although, during cross examination the defence has
suggested to these witnesses that their evidence implicating the appellant
is false, the defence has not been able to create a reasonable doubt about
the veracity of their evidence. We cannot therefore accept the submission
of Mr. Sanyal that the four eyewitnesses were directly or indirectly
connected with Raju and had implicated the appellant for the offence at the
instance of Raju who was the man behind the killing of the deceased.
14. We also do not find any merit in the submission of Mr. Sanyal that as
no Test Identification Parade was held at the time of investigation, the
eyewitnesses could not have identified the appellant as one of the persons
who fired at the deceased. The appellant, PW-3 and PW-4 were residents of
Iron Gate Road, which was the part of the Garden Reach Police Station. PW-
5 and PW-7 were residents of Bichali Ghat Road which is also part of the
same Police Station Garden Reach. Hence, the appellant and the four
eyewitnesses belonged to the same locality and the four eyewitnesses knew
the appellant before the incident and were able to immediately identify the
appellant at the time of the incident. It is only if the appellant was a
stranger to the eyewitnesses that Test Identification Parade would have
been necessary at the time of investigation.
15. Coming now to the submission of Mr. Sanyal that the Report dated
04.06.2001 of the Forensic Science Laboratory was not put to the appellant
in his examination under Section 313 Cr.P.C., we find that PW-24 has stated
in his evidence that he has received four Forensic Science Laboratory
Reports on different dates and PW-4 has been cross examined on behalf of
the appellant. We also find from the examination of the appellant under
Section 313 Cr. P.C. that the court did put a question to him that PW-24
who took up further investigation of the case sent the seized articles to
the Forensic Science Laboratory including articles collected from ACMOH
Alipore and after completion of investigation submitted charge-sheet
against both the accused persons under Sections 302/34 IPC and sought a
reply from the appellant. The evidence of PW-24 was recorded by the Court
in the presence of the appellant and the report dated 04.06.2001 of the
Forensic Science Laboratory was marked as Ext.14 on 24.02.2003 and the
Court had also put it to the appellant during his examination on 04.03.2003
that the seized articles were sent to the Forensic Science Laboratory, yet
the appellant has stated in his reply before the Court that he was not
aware. The appellant could have stated on 04.03.2001 if he had anything to
say on the report dated 04.06.2001 of the Forensic Science Laboratory.
Thus, although the content of the report dated 04.06.2001 of the Forensic
Science Laboratory was not put to the appellant in his examination under
Section 313, Cr.P.C., the appellant was not in any way prejudiced. In
State of Punjab v. Swaran Singh (AIR 2005 3114), this Court has held
relying on the earlier decisions of this Court that where the accused was
not in any way prejudiced by not giving him an opportunity to answer
specifically regarding evidence which was recorded in his presence, such
evidence cannot be excluded from consideration by the Court.
16. We find that the High Court has held in the impugned judgment that
all the eyewitnesses have given a vivid and true account of the incident
and had seen the occurrence on close range and as they were residents of
the locality they had no problem in identifying the assailants and there
was nothing on record suggesting that they nurtured ill feeling and
harboured enmity against the appellant and that the evidence of the
eyewitnesses was consistent and finds due corroboration from the post
mortem report. In our considered opinion, the High Court has rightly
sustained the conviction of the appellant on the evidence of four
eyewitnesses as corroborated by the medical evidence.
17. In the result, we find no merit in the appeal which is accordingly
dismissed.
.............................J.
(A. K.
Patnaik)
.............................J.
(Swatanter Kumar)
New Delhi,
March 22, 2012.
-----------------------
19
